4
Caracas, and Caricuao, La Guaira, Maracay, Valencia, Barquisimeto, Guayana,
Mérida, Maracaibo, and zones adjacent to the transportation terminal”;
c.
the disturbances consisted mainly in burning urban transportation
vehicles and looting and destroying commercial properties; these events
caused extensive damage to public and private property;
d.
on February 27, 1989, a sector of the Metropolitan Police was on
strike, and consequently did not intervene promptly to control the
disturbances. According to declarations of the then President of the Republic,
published in the newspaper El Nacional of June 10, 1990, “at the beginning,
there was no organized body to prevent or deal with what was happening”; in
the same declaration he also said that “upon returning from Barquisimeto,
when passing through the area of Caracas near the Presidential Palace called
El Silencio, [he saw] the shattered shop windows; arriving at Miraflores, he
called the Minister of Defense and ordered him to mobilize the troops”;
e.
the armed forces were entrusted with controlling the situation, and, to
this end, about nine thousand soldiers were brought in from the interior of the
country; these were young men of 17 and 18 years of age, recruited in
February 1989. From statements made by senior Army officers, former
Ministers of State and the former President of the Republic, it is clear that the
armed forces were not prepared to assume control of public order and the
young men who were sent were a danger to the life and physical integrity of
the population, owing to their youth and inexperience. Similarly, it is evident
that these young soldiers were equipped with assault weapons (7.62-mm
light automatic rifles) to control the civilian population, and AMX-13 armored
vehicles. The officers used 9-mm heavy-duty guns.
f.
on February 28, 1989, the Executive issued Decree No. 49, ordering
the suspension of the following guarantees established in the Venezuelan
Constitution: individual freedom (Article 60.1, 2, 6 and 10); right to immunity
of domicile (Article 62); freedom of movement (Article 64); freedom of
expression (Article 66); right of assembly (Article 71) and right to take part in
peaceful manifestations (Article 115). According to the Commission, the
constitutional guarantees were reestablished on March 22, 1989;
g.
during the 23 days that the suspension of guarantees lasted and, in
particular, as of March 1, 1989, the Venezuelan armed forces were in control
of the territory and the population; moreover, at first they imposed a curfew
that obliged people to remain in their homes between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m.
h.
during the state of emergency, the State security bodies, together with
the Metropolitan Police, the National Guard and the Army, carried out a series
of operations to repress acts of violence;
i.
according to official figures, the events of February and March 1989
left a balance of 276 dead, numerous injured, several disappeared and heavy
material losses.
However, this list was invalidated by the subsequent
appearance of mass graves;
j.
as of February 28, 1989, a secret military plan entitled “Avila” was
imposed on the civilian population. This plan was conceived during the 1960s