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(i) Context of poverty in the abandonment and adoption procedures at the time of
the facts
Cf. UNICEF, Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Fully revised third edition,
2007, p. 123.
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See, inter alia, Committee on the Rights of the Child, Consideration of reports submitted by States Parties under
Article 44 of the Convention, Concluding observations: Azerbaijan, March 17, 2006, UN Doc. CRC/C/AZE/CO/2, para. 37,
and Concluding observations: Hungary, March 17, 2006, UN Doc. CRC/C/HUN/CO/2, para. 30; Committee on the Rights
of the Child, Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Romania, July 13, 2017, UN Doc. CRC/C/ROU/CO/5,
para. 45; Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined fourth and fifth periodic report
of Lebanon, June 22, 2017, UN Doc. CRC/C/LBN/CO/4-5, para. 26; Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding
observations on the third and fifth periodic reports of Malawi, March 6, 2017, UN Doc. CRC/C/MWI/CO/3-5, para. 29;
Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined fifth and sixth period reports of
Panama, February 28, 2018, UN Doc. CRC/C/PAN/CO/5-6, para. 26.
471
Committee on the Rights of the Child, Consideration of reports submitted by States Parties under Article 44 of the
Convention, Concluding observations: Azerbaijan, March 17, 2006, UN Doc. CRC/C/AZE/CO/2, para. 38, and Concluding
observations: Hungary, March 17, 2006, UN Doc. CRC/C/HUN/CO/2, paras. 32 and 33. Similarly, see, inter alia,
Committee on the Rights of the Child, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under Article 44 of the
Convention, Concluding observations: Bulgaria, January 24, 1997, UN Doc. CRC/C/15/Add.66, paras. 27 and 28, and
Committee on the Rights of the Child, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under Article 44 of the
Convention, Concluding observations: Paraguay, February 10, 2010, UN Doc. CRC/C/PRY/CO/3, para. 41.
472
In a report prepared for UNICEF, the Latin American Institute for Education and Communication (ILPEC) concluded
that: “[t]he high international demand for children and the poverty experienced by most Guatemalan families has
created a situation where the processing of adoptions occurs according to the “laws of supply and demand,” effectively
resulting in the trafficking of children.” Latin American Institute for Education and Communication (ILPEC), “Adoption
and the Rights of the Child in Guatemala,” prepared for the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in 2000 (evidence
file, folio 2983).
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