18 Socialist Republics and, between 1976 and 1982, concluded a degree in international law in Kiev, 69 70 Ukraine. Upon returning to Peru, she attempted to revalidate her law degree, but was unable to do so. 94. On April 17, 1993, Ms. Espinoza Gonzales was detained by agents of the Abduction Investigation Division (DIVISE) while traveling on a motorcycle in the company of Rafael Salgado Castilla. The arrest took place at the junction of Av. Olavo Brazil and Av. San Felipe, Jesús María district, in the 71 province and department of Lima. According to statements made by the victim, her arrest occurred as described below: […] we were on a motorcycle and all I remember was hearing a sound; that was the bullets, and then I remember lots of cars surrounding us. They were beating me and I couldn’t see Rafael or the bike, only men, more and more of them. Then they put me in a car and there was Rafael, covered in blood […] They beat me brutally, they put us both face-down on the floor, they covered our heads, and they beat us, they threatened us, they told me they were going to inject me with AIDS 72 [and] were going to kill my family; that was when I lost all notion of time […]. 95. During the processing of this case, the parties submitted copies of different reports from the Peruvian National Police referring to the arrest of Gladys Carol Espinoza and Rafael Salgado 73 Castilla. According to the version of events set out therein, as they attempted to escape, the detainees crashed the motorcycle they were traveling on and were violently thrown to the ground, which caused them a series of bodily injuries. Those reports suggest that Rafael Salgado Castilla died of his injuries a few hours later. The official version, as maintained by the National Police, is transcribed below: […] Gladys Carol ESPINOZA GONZALEZ and Rafael Edwin SALGADO CASTILLO were arrested on April 17, 1993, by police officers from the DIVISE, while on a motorcycle on one of the avenues in Jesús María district, Lima. The police vehicle that was following them and the motorcycle collided and the occupants displayed fierce resistance, gunfire was exchanged which led to the aforesaid collision. The two were injured; SALGADO CASTILLO, Rafael, who later died, more 74 seriously. 96. The same version of events was recorded in the sentence handed down against Ms. Espinoza Gonzales on June 25, 1993, by the Special Military Investigating Judge of the Peruvian Air 69 Annex 3: Statement given by Gladys Carol Espinoza to members of APRODEH and CEJIL at Chorrillos Women’s Prison, September 22, 2009, pp. 1 and 2; enclosed with the petitioners’ communication of September 14, 2010, and received by the IACHR on that same date. The Commission notes that the statement in question does not contain the signature of Ms. Gladys Carol Espinoza Gonzales or of the representatives of APRODEH and CEJIL who interviewed her. Since the Peruvian State filed no objections, the IACHR will consider the information contained therein in conjunction with the other evidence submitted during the processing of the case. Annex 4: Degree in law and certificate of higher studies in international law issued by Kiev State University, June 22, 1982; enclosed with the initial petition of May 6, 1993, and received by the IACHR on May 10 of that year. 70 Annex 3: Statement given by Gladys Carol Espinoza to members of APRODEH and CEJIL at Chorrillos Women’s Prison, September 22, 2009, p. 2. 71 Annex 5: Report No. 259-DINTO-DINCOTE, June 3, 1993, signed by National Police Colonel Oscar E. Chávez Ferreyros, para. 2.b; enclosed with the State’s communication of September 2, 1993, and received by the IACHR on September 3 of that year. Annex 6: Newspaper article from La Nación, edition of April 28, 1993, headlined Woman arrested along with murdered Rafael Salgado agonizes in the DINCOTE; enclosed with the initial petition of May 6, 1993, and received by the IACHR on May 10 of that year. 72 Annex 2: Psychological Examination Report No. 003737-2004-PSC, produced by the Legal Medicine Institute after interviewing Gladys Carol Espinoza, February 9 and 10, 2004, narrative section; the same version of events was reported in Gladys Carol Espinoza’s testimony to the CVR. See, in this regard: Annex 7: Extracts from the statement of Gladys Carol Espinoza Gonzales to the CVR, Testimony No. 700748, October 14, 2002, pp. 5 and 6; enclosed with the petitioners’ communication of September 14, 2010, and received by the IACHR on that same date. 73 Annex 8 (a): Document No. 8197 SGMD-M of November 16, 1993, signed by the General Secretary of the Ministry of Defense; (b) Document No. 3303 EMFFA/DDHH of November 11, 1993, signed by the Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff; (c) Report No. 22593-EMG/DIPANDH of September 23, 1993, signed by National Police Colonel Hernán Gamboa Fernández Baca; documents enclosed with the petitioners’ communication of September 14, 2010, and received by the IACHR on that same date. Annex 5: Report No. 259-DINTO-DINCOTE, June 3, 1993, signed by National Police Colonel Oscar E. Chávez Ferreyros. 74 Annex 8 (c): Report No. 22593-EMG/DIPANDH of September 23, 1993, signed by National Police Colonel Hernán Gamboa Fernández Baca.