8(2)(h) of the Convention in regard to one specific point that is relevant to resolve this
case (infra section D.1). The Court recalls that the conviction for the offense of
manslaughter was imposed on Mr. Mohamed for the first time in second instance, in the
judgment of the First Chamber of the National Chamber of Appeals for Criminal and
Correctional Matters, which overturned the acquittal issued by Correctional Court No. 3,
Secretariat No. 60. (supra paras. 48 and 49).
88.
After ruling on the content of said right established in the Convention (infra
section D.2), the Court will consider whether the special federal appeal and the
subsequent remedies of a motion for review and for revocation filed by Mr. Mohamed
met the conventional requirements (infra section D.3) and will settle the dispute as to
whether there was a violation of the obligation to adopt domestic legal effects
established in Article 2 of the Convention (infra section D.4).
D.1.) Scope of Article 8(2)(h)of the Convention with respect to criminal
convictions issued upon resolving an appeal against acquittal
89.
On several occasions, this Court has referred to the standards that must be
observed to ensure that the right to appeal the judgment before a higher judge or court
is guaranteed, in accordance with Article 8(2)(h) of the Convention.82 In this case,
Argentina has not disregarded or contradicted those precedents, but it has alleged as a
main point that Mr. Mohamed could have had access to the aforementioned right if he
had made proper use of the legal remedies available, and did not do so.83
90.
However, at the same time, Argentina presented another argument related to the
scope of the right to appeal the judgment. The State held that comparative international
law provides exceptions to the right to appeal criminal convictions, whereupon it referred
to paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the Protocol 7 of the European Convention for the
Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which stipulates the exception
in respect of a person who has been convicted after an appeal against his acquittal. The
State indicated that Mr. Mohamed falls under that category, since he was convicted for
the first time in a second instance proceeding, “and therefore there was no violation of
Article 8(2)(h) of the Convention.” On this aspect of the right to appeal the judgment,
both the Commission and the representatives (supra paras. 65 and 67) understand that
this guarantee favors the accused and that, regardless of whether the conviction was
imposed in a first or second instance, the right to a review of that decision must be
guaranteed through a remedy that meets the standards defined by the Court in its
jurisprudence.
91.
The Court points out that this case has the peculiarity that the defendant was
subject to a criminal proceeding in two instances, and was convicted in the second
instance which overturned the acquittal issued by the court of first instance. To
determine whether Mr. Mohamed had the right to appeal before a higher judge or court,
the Court must decide whether the protection enshrined in Article 8(2)(h) of the
82
Cf. Case of Castillo Petruzzi et al. v. Peru. Merits, Reparations and Costs, para. 161; Case of Herrera
Ulloa v. Costa Rica. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs, paras. 157 to 168, and Case of
Barreto Leiva v. Venezuela. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of November 17, 2009. Series C No.
206, paras. 88 a 91.
83
The State argued that when Mr. Mohamed filed the extraordinary appeal and the motion for review,
he did not allege a violation of the right to appeal the judgment, which, according to the principle of
subsidiarity, the Court cannot rule on issues that have not been heard at the domestic level (supra para. 68).
The Court points out that this allegation was made by Argentina in its answer brief, within its considerations on
the merits regarding "[t] he alleged violation of Article 8(2)(h) of the American Convention.” Given that the
State did not raise this argument as a Preliminary Objection, the Court has not reviewed this in a preliminary
manner, but rather it will consider the arguments raised upon ruling on the State’s alleged international
responsibility for failing to guarantee the right protected by Article 8(2)( h) of the Convention.
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