Consequently, during the afternoon, there was a confrontation between the guerrilla and members of the army near the village.31 Subsequently, the army laid siege to the village so that its inhabitants could not leave.32 At midnight, the soldiers entered the village, killing those who were on patrol, except for one man who was able to escape. 33 Members of the army set fire to the homes and executed anyone who was inside.34 Witnesses recounted that soldiers dressed in camouflage entered the homes to make sure that there were no survivors, shooting or beating to death whole families. 35 In addition, as indicated by María Fidelia Quevedo Bolaños during the public hearing held before this Court, some of the women and girls were raped before being executed. 36 This took place in a context in which, as indicated by expert witness Jo-Marie Burt, women “were systematically subjected to sexual violence and torture.”37 37. The massacre in the village of Los Josefinos on April 29 and 30, 1982, has been documented in the CEH report38 and the Report of the Interdiocesan Project “Recovery of Historical Memory” (hereinafter “REMHI”).39 Moreover, the State partially acknowledged these events during the friendly settlement procedure before the Inter-American Commission, (see infra Chapter IX.a).40 38. In all, apart from the two people murdered by the guerrilla and the five people on patrol murdered by the Army,41 at least 38 people died as a result of the massacre, including men, women 31 Service Service Service Service Cf. Notarial record No. 11-2003 of August 9, 2003 (evidence file, folio 18); Statement before the Public Prosecution by César Armando Palencia Murales on July 9, 2003 (evidence file, folio 618); Statement before the Public Prosecution by Raimundo López Gualip on January 25, 2007 (evidence file, folio 582); Statement before the Public Prosecution by Otilio García Sermeño on January 25, 2007 (evidence file, folio 577), and Statement before the Public Prosecution by Samuel Gregorio Bracamonte on November 30, 2007 (evidence file, folio 585). Cf. Statement before the Public Prosecution Service by César Armando Palencia Murales on July 9, 2003 (evidence file, folio 618). See also, Friendly settlement agreement, Massacre of the village of "Los Josefinos," Petition 1139/04 of December 18, 2007 (evidence file, folio 2439). 32 Cf. Notarized statement of César Armando Palencia Muralles of July 9, 2003 (evidence file, folios 4 and 5); Testimony of Roberto Estrada Marroquín, undated (evidence file, folio 1716); Testimony of César Armando Catalán Muralles, January 1996 (evidence file, folio 1778); Statement before the Public Prosecution Service by Raimundo López Gualip on January 25, 2007 (evidence file, folio 583); Statement before the Public Prosecution Service by Otilio García Sermeño on January 25, 2007 (evidence file, folio 578), and Statement before the Public Prosecution Service by Samuel Gregorio Bracamonte on November 30, 2007 (evidence file, folio 585). See also, Friendly settlement agreement, Massacre of the village of “Los Josefinos,” Petition 1139/04 of December 18, 2007 (evidence file, folio 2439). 33 Cf. Notarized statement of César Armando Palencia Muralles of July 9, 2003 (evidence file, folios 6 and 7), and Notarized statement of Antonio Ajanel Ortiz of July 9, 2003 (evidence file, folio 11). See also, Friendly settlement agreement, Massacre of the village of “Los Josefinos,” Petition 1139/04 of December 18, 2007 (evidence file, folio 2439). 34 Cf. Notarized statement of César Armando Palencia Muralles of July 9, 2003 (evidence file, folios 5 and 6); Notarized statement of Antonio Ajanel Ortiz of July 9, 2003 (evidence file, folio 12); Statement before the Public Prosecution Service by César Armando Palencia Murales on July 9, 2003 (evidence file, folio 618), and Testimony of César Armando Catalán Muralles, January 1996 (evidence file, folio 1775). See also, Friendly settlement agreement, Massacre of the village of “Los Josefinos,” Petition 1139/04 of December 18, 2007 (evidence file, folio 2439). 35 Ms. Quevedo indicated that a woman and her daughter, aged 11, were raped. Also, during the public hearing, she recounted that she saw how the woman was positioned dead, “she was kneeling with her face in the dirt, because her throat had not been cut, she had been shot on the lefthand side and all her clothes were pushed up and her private parts were stained.” Cf. Statement of María Fidelia Quevedo Bolaños during the public hearing held in this case on February 17 and 18, 2021, during the 139th regular session. 36 37 Cf. Expert opinion of Jo-Marie Burt dated February 9, 2021, p. 7 (evidence file, folio 23996). 38 Cf. CEH, Guatemala: Memory of Silence, June 1999 (evidence file, folios 22097 and ff.). Cf. Report of the Interdiocesan Project “Recovery of Historical Memory (REMHI),” available, in Spanish, at: http://www.derechoshumanos.net/lesahumanidad/informes/guatemala/informeREMHI.htm. [Abridged English translation also available.] 39 Cf. Friendly settlement agreement, Massacre of the village of “Los Josefinos,” Petition 1139/04 of December 18, 2007 (evidence file, folio 2439). 40 Namely, Santiago Colón Carau, Faustino López, Rigoberto Hernández de la Cruz, Pedro Tumux Tiño and another watchman known as “Beto.” 41 13