179. The representatives of the alleged victims presented medical certificates verifying the aftereffects of the acts of violence. In this way, it was certified that, currently, Víctor Manuel Boggiano suffers from generalized epilepsy and from an anxiety and depression disorder.259 A psychological appraisal of Mr. Boggiano Bruzzón prepared by the ITEI was also presented establishing the psycho-social aftereffects he suffered owing to the alleged torture and illtreatment experienced during the raid and his subsequent detention. Specific reference was made to the physical and psychological torture he suffered and that he had been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress syndrome.260 These findings were repeated in the affidavit made by psychologist Pablo García Nava, who concluded that “all the evidence collected during the evaluation to which I have been referring is fully consistent, leading me to the conclusion that Víctor Manuel Boggiano Bruzzón was a victim of torture and cruel and degrading treatment while detained in the cells of the Judicial Technical Police on Landaeta Street.”261 180. Regarding F.E.P.M., a medical certificate was presented that certified scars on her left elbow and stiffness and arthrosis resulting from a physical attack suffered 20 years ago.262 In an affidavit, the ITEI forensic physician, Marcelo Flores Torrico, indicated that “all the evidence compiled in the case is fully consistent; leading me, together with my colleague Pablo Gabriel García, to the conclusion that [F.E.P.M] was a victim of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment during her arrest and while detained in the cells of the Judicial Technical Police on Landaeta Street.”263 181. In the case of Patricia Gallardo Ardúz, a social and medical appraisal prepared by the ITEI was presented indicating that “all the evidence compiled in this report is fully consistent, leading to the conclusion that Patricia Catalina Gallardo Ardúz was a victim of torture and ill-treatment, including sexual torture, while detained in the cells of the Judicial Technical Police on Landaeta Street.”264 B.2.5. Legal classification of torture 182. Based on the facts described above, the Court has no doubt that the alleged victims were subjected to ill-treatment and abuse during the raids and subsequent detentions, and this entailed a violation of the alleged victims’ personal integrity by the police. However, the Court has explained that violation of the right to personal integrity may have different degrees of severity and occur due to the perpetration of diverse types of ill-treatment, ranging from torture to other acts or treatment that is cruel, inhuman or degrading.265 183. The Court has also understood that, “in order to classify” an act as torture, it is necessary to use the “utmost rigor,” because it is “particularly heinous” and includes its own particularities, because the perpetrator “intentionally inflicts severe pain or suffering on a powerless victim for a specific purpose, or uses a methods designed to annul the personality or diminish the physical or Cf. Medical report prepared by F.F., Head of Neurology, of the Hospital de Clínicas on November 28, 2019 (evidence file, folio 9842). 259 260 Cf. Psychological appraisal of Víctor Manuel Boggiano Bruzzón prepared by the ITEI in August 2021 (evidence file, folios 9850 to 9888). 261 Affidavit made by Pablo García Nava on June 15, 2022 (evidence file, folio 12694). 262 Cf. Medical certificate issued by Dr. M.J.J. from the Ministry of Health, on August 11, 2021 (evidence file, folio 9965). 263 Affidavit made by Marcelo Flores Torrico on June 15, 2022 (evidence file, folio 12655). 264 Psychological report prepared by the ITEI on July 11, 2012 (evidence file, folio 10337). 265 Cf. Case of Loayza Tamayo v. Peru. Merits. Judgment of September 17, 1997. Series C No. 33, paras. 57 and 58, and Case of González et al. v. Venezuela, supra, para. 112. 53