4 pillaging, destruction of property and acts of intimidation and harassment which led to their massive forced displacement. They point out that this military operation, called “Operation Genesis”, had been planned by the XVII Brigade of the National Army (hereinafter “the XVII Brigade”) with the official aim of combating the presence of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) in the area, and had been carried out with the joint action of the military and paramilitaries wearing insignia of the Unified Self Defense of Colombia (AUC) and the Farmers Self Defense of Córdoba and Urabá (ACCU). They allege that these paramilitary and military raids forced the population to migrate from their land to the Turbo municipality, in the Antioquia Department. 20. The petitioners allege that during “Operation Genesis”, on February 27, 1997, in the hamlet of Bijao, paramilitaries and the military detained Marino López, tortured him, decapitated him with a machete and cut him up in the presence of community members. They allege that afterwards, they repeatedly kicked Marino López’s head in a pretend football match, after which they invited the members of the community to join in the ‘game’. They allege that the murder of Marino López served as an example, and hastened the massive forced displacement of the communities, who in the main then relocated in three places: the Turbo stadium, Bocas de Atrato and Panama. They indicate that the displaced were met by the police in Turbo, and placed in the municipal stadium, where almost all the communities were hoarded. 21. As a matter of context, the petitioners allege that during their forced displacement, the displaced individuals survived in inhuman living conditions, and continued to be the target of threats, murders and forced disappearances. Thus as an example, they alleged that a series of human rights violations were committed against them, which were also presented by the petitioners before the IACHR in the precautionary measures proceedings. These events are summarized as follows: Name Alleged Violations Location Date Enith María Gómez Pérez and Detained and disappeared Pedeguita Community March 1, 1997 Manuel Segundo Gómez Pérez Name Disappeared Alleged Violations Location Date Licino Palacio Ramírez Detained, bound hand and foot, beaten and disappeared Murdered by two bullet wounds La Loma (on the banks of the River Perancho) Road leading from Bocachica to La Balsa, Riosucio Municipality, area of Salaquí Turbo Urban Area March 18, 1997 Alleged Perpetrator Paramilitaries March 31, 1997 Paramilitaries April 30, 1997 Teguerré Community May 15, 1997 Paramilitaries on patrol with the National Army Paramilitaries in coordination with the National Army Paramilitaries Acting jointly with the National Army Pedro Causil Jairo Causil Detained and disappeared Cleto Ramos Murdered Marino Raga Rovira Murdered June 14, 1997 Alleged Perpetrator Paramilitaries mobilized with the National Army