has not been made of human remains that were probably mistaken for those of Justice
[Serrano Abadía]” 495.
317. First, the Court considers it reprehensible that the body delivered to the next of kin of
Justice Serrano Abadía has not yet been exhumed. This is particularly relevant when the
State’s main argument regarding Norma Constanza Esguerra Forero is that her body was
returned erroneously to the family of this justice. Nevertheless, this lack of due diligence of
the State is not sufficient to disprove the specific indications according to which the said
corpse could belong to Ms. Esguerra Forero. Thus, the Court underscores that: (i) it is
highly probable that the said body was returned erroneously to the next of kin of the
justice, because both the autopsy report (verifying the presence of a uterus) and the record
of the removal of the body indicated that it was the body of a woman, and (ii) during the
removal of this corpse, objects were found that Ms. Esguerra Forero’s mother identified as
belonging to her daughter. Consequently, the Court considers that, despite the general
indications that would point towards a possible forced disappearance of Ms. Esguerra
Forero, according to the information available at this time, there are direct and specific
indications relating to this victim that would not lead to that conclusion, but rather to her
possible death during the taking and retaking of the Palace of Justice. The failure to
determine the whereabouts of Ms. Esguerra Forero does not, in itself, constitute forced
disappearance. It represents a violation of the obligation to ensure rights that will be
analyzed below (para. 327). Consequently, the Court concludes that, based on the existing
evidence and for the effects of this Judgment, it is not possible to determine that Norma
Constanza Esguerra Forero was forcibly disappeared.
A.3.b) Ana Rosa Castiblanco Torres
318. Following the exhumation of the corpses in the mass grave in the South Cemetery,
DNA tests were conducted and one of the human remains was identified as belonging to
Ana Rosa Castiblanco Torres (supra para. 133). In the corresponding record of the removal
of the corpse, it was established that the place of death was the fourth floor of the Palace of
Justice, and that the body was “totally carbonized.” 496 The autopsy established that it was a
“pregnant woman,” indicating that the “uterus [was] pregnant and partially carbonized [and
the] fetus [was] also carbonized,” but could not establish the cause of death. 497
319. There is no dispute that the corpse returned to the next of kin corresponded to Ms.
Castiblanco Torres. Nevertheless, owing to the errors committed in the removal of corpses,
it was not possible to determine where she died with total certainty, notwithstanding the
indications on the removal record. Furthermore, the Court reiterates that the discovery of
the body in the mass grave does not necessarily mean that she died during the taking or
the retaking of the Palace of Justice (supra para. 293).
320. However, the carbonized condition of the body of Ms. Castiblanco Torres is an
important indication that very possibly she died as a result of the fire in the Palace of Justice
during the retaking of the building, and not as a result of forced disappearance. The Court
also reiterates that the failure to establish the whereabouts of her remains does not
constitute a forced disappearance (supra para. 317). Consequently, as in the case of Norma
Constanza Esguerra Forero, the Court finds that there are concrete elements, specific to this
victim, that do not allow it to be concluded that Ana Rosa Castiblanco was forcibly
disappeared.
495
Cf. Judgment of the Superior Court of Bogota of October 24, 2014 (evidence file, folio 38364).
496
Cf. Record of removal of corpse 1173/38 (evidence file, folios 30839 and 30840).
497
Cf. Autopsy report No. 3800-85 (evidence file, folios 30831 and 30832).
112
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