14 that reparation to those who suffered harm is provided. 64 As stated by the Inter-American Court, Article 25 “is one of the fundamental pillars not only of the American Convention, but of the very rule of law in a democratic society in the terms of the Convention,” since it contributes decisively to ensure access to justice.65 In the Case of La Cantuta, the InterAmerican Court determined that access to justice constitutes a peremptory norm of International Law (jus cogens) and, as such, generates erga omnes obligations for States to adopt the measures necessary to avoid leaving such violations unpunished, whether exercising their jurisdiction to apply domestic law and International Law to prosecute and, if applicable, punish those responsible for such acts, or collaborating with other States aiming in that direction, in what constitutes “a collective guarantee mechanism.” 66 43. Finally, recently, the Inter-American Court has determined that this remedy must provide means to an adequate judicial review. This occurs when the judicial body reviews all submissions and arguments submitted to it concerning the contested decision or act, without declining jurisdiction to resolve or determine the facts. By contrast, it has noted that there is no judicial review if the court is unable to determine the primary purpose of the dispute, as may occur in cases where it is considered limited by the factual or legal determinations carried out by another body that would have rendered a final decision in the case.67 B) The right to judicial protection against acts that violate the fundamental rights recognized by the Constitutional, legislation, or the Convention 44. An important aspect in the Inter-American Court is the fact that Article 25(1) of the Pact of San José has established, in broad terms, that the court proceedings must not only protect and guarantee the respect of the rights established in the Convention, but also of those that are recognized by the Constitution or by legislation. 68 This clearly is linked to Article 29(b) of the Pact of San José, according to which minimum guarantees are established that are susceptible to a broader application by other provisions of a constitutional or national nature, which the American Convention makes its own when it grants them the same level of guarantee that it grants the rights it establishes—ideally, an effective, prompt, and simple remedy—; and, as a consequence, assuming as its own, the extension of those norms of greater protection that were once foreign to it. 45. In the Advisory Opinion 9/87, the Inter-American Court has established that the Pact of San José provides some evidence to clarify the fundamental characteristics that are to be had by the guarantees of rights. In this respect, at that time, the Inter-American Court noted that the assessment must stem from the obligation in the American Convention of the States Parties to “respect the rights and freedoms recognized (in the Convention ) and to 64 Cf. Case of Castillo Páez V. Perú. Reparations and Costs. Judgment of November 27, 1998. Series C No. 43, para. 106. 65 Cf. Case of Castillo Páez V. Perú. Reparations and Costs. Judgment of November 27, 1998. Series C No. 43, para. 106. 66 Case of La Cantuta V. Perú. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of November 29, 2006 Series C No. 162, para. 160. 67 Cf. Case of Barbani Duarte et al. V. Uruguay. Merits Reparations and costs. Judgment of October 13, 2011. Series C No. 234, para. 204 68 Cf. Judicial Guarantees in States of Emergency (arts. 27.2, 25 and 8 American Convention on Human Rights). Advisory Opinion OC-9/87 of October 6, 1987. Series to No. 9, para. 23.