freedom of opinion of the media. Similarly, establish, for the protection of the honor of public officials, alternatives to the criminal process, for example, rectification or response, as well as the civil process. This includes renouncing the use of stigmatizing speeches or practices against those who speak publicly and all types of harassment, including judicial harassment, against journalists and people who exercise their freedom of expression, and (B) it is up to the media to contribute to the strengthening of the democratic and participatory system, respectful of human rights, in accordance with the principles of the Democratic Rule of Law (contained in the Democratic Charter), in a context of plural and diverse media without discrimination or exclusions, as the Court has stated from Advisory Opinion OC-5/85. 149 In short, the particular interests of its owners must not constitute an obstacle to the debate that implies indirect restrictions on the free circulation of ideas or opinions. A.2.2. Content of the right to freedom of thought and expression 97. The Court's case law has given ample content to the right to freedom of expression, recognized in Article 13 of the Convention. The Court has indicated that said norm protects the right to seek, receive and disseminate ideas and information of all kinds, as well as the right to receive and know the information and ideas disseminated by others. 150 The Court has indicated that freedom of expression has an individual dimension and a social dimension, from which it has derived a series of rights that are protected in said article. 151 This Court has affirmed that both dimensions are of equal importance and must be fully guaranteed simultaneously to give full effect to the right to freedom of expression, in the terms provided for in Article 13 of the Convention. 152 98. The first dimension of freedom of expression includes the right to use any appropriate means to disseminate opinions, ideas and information and to make it reach the greatest number of recipients. In this sense, expression and dissemination are indivisible, so that a restriction of the possibilities of dissemination directly represents, and to the same extent, a limit to the right to express oneself freely. With respect to the second dimension of the right to freedom of expression, that is, the social one, the Court has indicated that freedom of expression also implies the everyone’s right to know opinions, stories and news expressed by third parties. For the common citizen, knowledge of the opinion of others or the information available to others is as important as the right to disseminate one's own. That is why, in light of both dimensions, freedom of expression requires, on the one hand, that no one be arbitrarily undermined or prevented from expressing their own thoughts and therefore represents a right of each individual. However it also implies, on the other hand, a collective right to receive any information and to know the expression of other's thoughts. 153 149 Cf. Advisory Opinion OC-5/85, supra, par. 34 Cf. Advisory Opinion OC-5/85, supra, par. 30, Rights to freedom to organize, collective bargaining, and strike and their relation to other rights, with a gender perspective (interpretation and scope of Articles 13, 15, 16, 24, 25 and 26, in relation to Articles 1(1) and 2 of the American Convention on Human Rights , of Articles 3, 6, 7 y 8 of the Protocol of San Salvador, of Articles 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 of the Convention of Belem do Pará, of Articles 34, 44 and 45 of the Charter of the Organization of American States, and Articles II, IV, XIV, XXI and XXII of the American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man). Advisory Opinion OC-27/21 of May 5, 2021. Series A No. 27, par. 133. 150 Cf. Case of “The Last Temptation of Christ" (Olmedo Bustos et al.) v. Chile, supra, par. 64, and Advisory Opinion OC-27, supra, par. 133. 151 152 Cf. Case of Ivcher Bronstein v. Peru, supra, par. 149, and Advisory Opinion OC-27, supra, par. 133. Cf. Case of Ivcher Bronstein v. Peru, supra, par. 146, and Case of Carvajal Carvajal et al. v. Colombia. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of March 13, 2018. Series C No. 352, par. 172. 153 35

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