Freedom 9, (ii) Law Firm Vera Abogados 10, (iii) Xavier Burbano Espinazo 11, (iv) Freedom of the Press Foundation and El Veinte 12, (v) Hernán Duarte, FESPAD and Factum Magazine 13, (vi) Boston College Law School 14, (vii) Sandra Russo 15, (viii) Pompeu Fabra University Legal Clinic 16, (ix) Latin American Association of Communication Researchers 17, (x) Faculty of Journalism and Social Communication of the National University of La Plata 18, (xi) Platform for Access to Justice 19, (xii) Baltasar Garzón Real 20, (xiii) Media Defense 21 and (xiv) Rights Center of the Andrés Bello Catholic University and the Regional Alliance for Free Expression and Information 22. 9 The document, signed by Can Yeginsu, Dario Milo and Steven Budlender SC, presents an analysis of the legality of legal provisions in Ecuador that criminalize defamation and the application of these provisions to people who have received custodial sentences and fines for activities of journalism in the public interest. 10 The document, signed by Gutemberh Vera Páez, Alembert Vera Rivera, Lyonel Calderón Tello, and María del Carmen Vera Rivera, deals with allegations related to the nature of Mr. Palacio Urrutia's article; the lack of effects of the conviction against him; the objective of the criminal process, which was to achieve respect for the honor, privacy of the then President; the limits of freedom of expression; and the absence of interference by the then President or his lawyers in justice. 11 The document, signed by Xavier Burbano Espinoza, deals with the inclusion of the figure or role of "procedural party" or "third party adherent" for the exclusive exercise of the right of defense, as a guarantee of application of the universal principle of presumption of innocence, in the access to international justice, specifically in the Inter-American System. 12 The document, signed by Jonathan Carl Bock Ruiz, Ana Bejarano Ricaurte, Raissa Carrillo Villamizar, Emmanuel Vargas Penagos, Natalia Beltrán Orjuela and Vanessa López Ochoa, consists of an analysis related to the obligations of respect, guarantee and adaptation pursuant to the convention regarding journalism, as well as the special protection standards for expressions of public interest. 13 The document, signed by Herman Duarte and César Castro Fagoaga, refers to the regulation of freedom of expression in the inter-American human rights system and the European human rights system. The document, signed by Daniela Urosa M., María Massimo and Yuan Zhao, deals with the right to freedom of expression and the limits of criminal and civil sanctions against journalists, as well as the possible conventionality control that the Court can exercise to urge the State to reform its normative provision on the crime of slander. 14 15 The document, signed by Sandra Russo, deals with the article she published on the back cover of the Argentine newspaper Page 12, Two types of Libertas, of September 8, 2012. In said article, facts discussed in this case are divulged, which are reproduced in the amicus curiae brief 16 The document, signed by Rocío Nalda Palomer, Rodrigo Nazzal Morgues, Vicente Aylwin Fernández, Alexandre Venezia and Javier Martínez Morales, deals with the establishment of the updated international standard regarding the scope and restrictions of the right to freedom of expression. 17 The document, signed by Fernando Oliveira Paulino and Gabriel Kaplún, deals with the right to freedom of expression set out in two dimensions: individual and collective, which translates into social responsibility and accountability of the media. 18 The document, signed by Héctor Ángel Bernardo and Andrea Mariana Varela, comprises an analysis of the link between concentrated communication media and the right to information of any democratic society, in the framework of coups and ruptures of the institutional order. 19 The document, signed by Mónica Eulalia Banegas, Carla Patricia Luzuriaga Salinas, María Gabriela Paz and María Victoria Ramón, analyzes the constitutional, legal and political framework in Ecuador for the years 2010 and 2011. It also analyzes the context in the issuance of the Communication Law, the right to honor of public authorities and the social dimension of the right to freedom of expression and subsequent liability of journalists. 20 The document, signed by Baltasar Garzón Real, constitutes an analysis of the right to freedom of expression versus the right to honor. 21 The document, signed by Carlos Gaio and Padraig Hughes, deals with the right to freedom of expression related to matters of public interest, particularly State affairs and the actions of public officials. 22 The document, signed by Ezequiel Santagada and Carlos Correa, analyzes the present case in relation to the relevant normative standards and the Venezuelan case, as well as presents a proposal to protect freedom of expression from arbitrary civil proceedings. 7