B.2. Observations of the Commission
37.
The Commission indicated that the State’s arguments should be considered
inadmissible, because they corresponded to an aspect that would be studied when examining
the merits of the case. It added that, in this case, Article 35(2) of the Court’s Rules of
Procedure was applicable, because the individuals who were not included in the Admissibility
and Merits Report could not be excluded from the Court’s ruling. The Commission indicated
that the Court should maintain a degree of flexibility, or order a procedure to obtain the
evidence it considered pertinent to identify the greatest number of victims, considering that
the lack of complete information on them was due to the nature of the case and the State’s
failure to provide documentation and information regarding the respective inspections.
38.
Additionally, the Commission affirmed that the lack of a power of attorney could not
constitute a sufficient reason for an individual not to be identified and declared a victim in an
individual case. Consequently, the Court should determine whether the presumed victims
who had not granted a power of attorney were represented reasonably by the actual
representatives, including for the subsequent stages of the proceedings. This is because the
representatives of the presumed victims had not deliberately or expressly excluded
individuals regarding whom they did no have a power of attorney.
39.
Lastly, the Commission indicated that the State’s arguments did not constitute a
preliminary objection because, according to Article 35(2) of the Court’s Rules of Procedure,
the identification of the victims should be made based on the context of the matter, and also
by taking the necessary steps to ensure the representation of every possible presumed victim
in the inter-American proceedings.
B.3. Observations of the representatives
40.
The representatives argued that, in view of the complexity of the case, the massive
and collective nature of the violations, as well as other contextual factors, it was reasonable
to apply the provisions of Article 35(2) of the Court’s Rules of Procedure in order to make a
collective identification of all the presumed victims found in Hacienda Brasil Verde during the
1993, 1996, 1997 and 2000 inspections.
41.
They also indicated that they had been able to identify 49 individuals from the 1993
inspection; 78 from the 1996 inspection; 93 from the visit in 1997, and 85 from the inspection
in 2000. They indicated that, insofar as possible and despite the difficulties that existed, they
had made an effort to individualize with first and last names at least all of those whose
documents they had been able to access, without losing sight of the fact that 20 years had
passed since the first inspection, which made it difficult to contact them. In addition, the
representatives indicated that, in the 2000 inspection, it had been verified that most
presumed victims were illiterate, came from rural areas, and were continually on the move
seeking a livelihood; also few of them had official identification papers.
42.
The representatives also indicated that neither the American Convention nor the Rules
of Procedure of the Commission or the Court required the presumed victims to have formal
legal representation in the inter-American proceedings. Therefore, there were few formal
requirements for access to the protection mechanisms. Moreover, they indicated that the
presumed victims might choose to have legal representatives, but were not obliged to do so
and, also, in its case law, the Court had established that it was unnecessary to be represented
by a specific power of attorney.
43.
In addition, they argued that the Court should take into consideration the remote
location of Hacienda Brasil Verde and the difficulties of access, the situation of exclusion,
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