the Central Electoral Board, and Resolution No. 12-07 of December 10, 2007, of the
plenary session of the Central Electoral Board.” The first one because “it prohibited the
Civil Registry officials from responding to any request relating to birth certificates that
were possibly ‘irregular,’” because “[w]hile their birth certificates are investigated, […] the
Dominicans of Haitian descent concerned are trapped in a legal limbo.” The second,
because “it established the ‘provisional suspension of civil status certificates that appeared
to be irregular.’” They stated that “the measure, in addition to being discriminatory, was
applied retroactively to those born before 2007.” Lastly, when outlining their arguments
on the violation of Article 2, they referred to judgment TC/0168/13, which will be
examined below.
242. On October 2, 2013, the representatives informed the Court of judgment
TC/0168/13 of the Constitutional Court of September 23, 2013 (supra para. 13). In this
regard, they recalled that article 11 of “the 1994 Constitution (and its precedents since
1929) established that [… ‘a]ll those born on the territory of the Republic, with the
exception of the legitimate children of foreign diplomats resident in the country or aliens
who are in transit,” are Dominicans, and that this judgment “established that ‘traditional
Dominican jurisprudence recognizes as aliens in transit those who […] lack a legal
residence permit.” 279 They pointed out that this interpretation is “in open contrast” to the
Court’s decision in its judgment in the Case of the Yean and Bosico Girls v. Dominican
Republic in relation to the concept of “in transit,” because the Constitutional Court defined
this as a status that may be permanent, irrespective of the time spent and the ties
developed in the State’s territory. In addition, they stressed that, in its fifth operative
paragraph, the judgment ordered the Central Electoral Board to undertake a
comprehensive review of the birth records since 1929 and to make a list of “aliens who
were registered irregularly.” They alleged that this “affects all the [presumed] victims of
this case, because they were all born after 1929, […] and also jeopardizes the right to
nationality of those who have been recognized as Dominicans.”
243. Lastly, on June 17, 2014, the representatives referred to Decree No. 327-13 of
November 29, 2013, and Law No. 169-14 of May 23, 2014, norms that the State
presented as supervening facts (supra paras. 13, 126 and 180, and infra para. 251). They
indicated that Decree No. 327-13, which establishes a regularization plan for aliens in an
irregular situation who comply with a series of requirements that make this “impossible for
a group in […] a vulnerable situation, […] such as the situation of most of the Haitian
population in an irregular situation, so that [they] are unable to access the regularization
plan.” With regard to Law No. 169-14, the representatives asserted that, in the case of
those born in Dominican territory who had obtained documentation and who are children
of foreign parents in an irregular situation, the law “makes the granting of nationality
conditional on an administrative requirement that was never previously established in any
Constitution; in other words, the formal registration procedure.” With regard to the
persons who are in the same situation as the former, but who have never been registered,
they indicated that Law No. 169-14, insofar as it establishes a “naturalization” procedure,
treats them as aliens, ignoring ius soli. They “considered that the Court should analyze
these norms in detail, applying the standards established in the inter-American system in
relation to the right to non-discrimination, the right to nationality, and the obligation to
eradicate and to prevent statelessness.”
279
They noted that, in this regard, the Constitutional Court had reiterated the interpretation of the concept of
“aliens in transit” made by the Dominican Supreme Court in the judgment of December 14, 2005, that forms part
of the probative framework in this case (Supreme Court of Justice, Judgment of December 14, 2005. No. 9, file of
annexes to the motions and arguments brief, annex A19, fs. 3366 to 3373).
80
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