64
262. The Court has held that a lack of medical care for persons deprived of their liberty does
not satisfy the minimum material requirements of dignified treatment appropriate to their status as a
human being, as established in Article 5 of the American Convention.361 In this respect, lack of adequate
medical assistance for a person who is deprived of liberty and is in the custody of the State could be
considered per se a violation of Articles 5.1 and 5.2 of the Convention depending on the specific
circumstances of the particular individual, such as his state of health, the type of disease or ailment, the
time spent without medical attention and its cumulative physical and mental effects362 and, in some
instances, the sex and age of the person, inter alia.363
263. In the instant case, the IACHR notes that, from 2006 to 2013, Mr. Rojas Madrigal has
been filing petitions for relief on amparo, habeas corpus and grievances regarding the lack of access to
health care services, mainly as a result of his condition as a diabetic, as well as for other issues such as
dizziness, headaches, hernias, fevers, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, among others.
264. The Commission notes that the remedies were dismissed based exclusively on reports
from the prison officials themselves of CAI La Reforma, who claim that Mr. Rojas did indeed receive
medical care when he needed it. Notwithstanding, the IACHR has taken note that on July 17, 2012, the
Constitutional Chamber granted a petition for relief on amparo on the grounds that it believed that
there was a violation of Mr. Rojas’ right to health and ordered him to be transferred to a hospital to be
treated for a hernia he presented. Likewise, on January 18, 2013, said court also granted another
petition for constitutional relief on amparo, ordering the CAI La Reforma prison authorities to take the
necessary actions to ensure that Mr. Rojas receives the medical care he needs. The Commission notes
that the State did not submit information pertaining to the measure adopted by it to comply with the
order of the Constitutional Chamber in its decision.
265. The Commission finds that the fact that a person deprived of liberty must resort on two
opportunities to the judicial authorities to obtain the medical treatment he needs, exposes issues with
timely and adequate access to treatment at CAI La Reforma.
266. In this respect, the Commission concludes that the State breached its obligation to
provide access to health services to Rafael Rojas Madrigal, in violation of Articles 5.1 and 5.2 of the
American Convention, in connection with Article 1.1 thereof.
267. The Commission also notes that Mr. Damas Vega alleged that even though he had
diabetes, he did not have access to health care services and he was prevented from having an operation
Likewise, he noted that the Constitutional Chamber denied a petition for amparo pertaining to this
situation even though no medical case file was made available to him. In response, the State claimed
that Mr. Vega was provided the medical care he needed as a result of his condition. The IACHR does not
361
IA Court of HR, Case of De la Cruz Flores v. Peru. Judgment of Merits, Reparations and Costs. November 18, 2004.
Series C No. 115, para. 131; and Case of Vera Vera et al v. Ecuador. Judgment of Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations
and Costs. May 19, 2011. Series C No. 226, para. 44.
362
IA Court of HR, Case of Montero Aranguren et al (Detention Center of Catia) v. Venezuela. Judgment of Preliminary
Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. July 5, 2006. Series C No. 150, para. 103; and Case of Vera Vera et al v. Ecuador.
Judgment of Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. May 19, 2011. Series C No. 226, para. 44.
363
IA Ct of HR, Case of the “Street Children” (Villagrán Morales et al) v. Guatemala. Judgment of Merits. November
19, 1999. Series C No. 63, para. 74; and Case of Vera Vera et al v. Ecuador. Judgment of Preliminary Objections, Merits,
Reparations and Costs. May 19, 2011. Series C No. 226, para. 44.