111 3.1. Identification, prosecution and punishment of those responsible for the gender-based disappearance, ill-treatment and murder of Mss. González, Ramos and Herrera 452. The Commission indicated that “a full reparation requires that the State investigate the disappearances and subsequent murders [of the victims] with due diligence and impartiality, and exhaustively, in order to clarify the historic truth of the facts. To this end, [the State] must adopt all necessary judicial and administrative measures to complete the investigation, find, prosecute and punish the perpetrator or perpetrators and mastermind or masterminds and provide full information on the results.” The representatives endorsed this request. 453. The Court accepted the State’s acknowledgement of responsibility for the irregularities committed during the first stage of the investigations, but also concluded that many of them were not rectified during the second stage (supra para. 388). The Tribunal found that, in this case, impunity existed and that this impunity is a cause and also a consequence of the series of gender-based murders of women that have been proven in the instant case. 454. The Court considers that the State is obliged to combat said situation of impunity by all available means, because it encourages the chronic repetition of human rights violations.450 The absence of a complete and effective investigation into the facts constitutes a source of additional suffering and anguish for the victims, who have the right to know the truth about what happened.451 This right to the truth requires the determination of the most complete historical truth possible, which includes determination of the collective patterns of action, and of all those who, in different ways, took part in said violations.452 455. Therefore, the Tribunal orders that the State must conduct effectively the criminal proceedings that are underway and, if applicable, those that may be opened in the future, to identify, prosecute and punish the perpetrators and masterminds of the disappearance, ill-treatments and deprivation of life of Mss. González, Herrera and Ramos, in keeping with the following directives: a) All factual or juridical obstacles to the due investigation of the facts and conduct of the respective judicial proceedings shall be removed and all available means used to ensure that the investigations and judicial proceedings are conducted promptly in order to avoid a repetition of the same or similar acts as those in the instant case b) The investigation shall include a gender perspective; undertake specific lines of inquiry concerning sexual assault, which must involve lines of inquiry into the corresponding patterns in the area; be conducted in accordance with protocols and manuals that comply with the directives set out in this judgment; provide the victims’ next of kin with information on progress in the investigation regularly, and give them full access to the case files, and the investigation shall be carried out by officials who are highly trained in 450 Cf. Case of Goiburú et al. v. Paraguay. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of September 22, 2006. Series C No. 153, para. 164; Case of the Ituango Massacres v. Colombia. Preliminary Objection, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of July 1, 2006. Series C No. 148, para. 399, and Case of Baldeón García v. Peru, supra note 261, para. 195. 451 Cf. Case of Heliodoro Portugal v. Panamá, supra note 297, para. 146, and Case of Valle Jaramillo et al. v. Colombia, supra note 49, para. 102. 452 Cf. Case of the Rochela Massacre v. Colombia, supra note 397, para. 195, and Case of Valle Jaramillo et al. v. Colombia, supra note 49, para. 102.