47 levels of violence, including sexual violence and that, in general, they have been influenced, as the State has accepted, by a culture of gender-based discrimination which, according to various probative sources, has had an impact on both the motives and the method of the crimes, as well as on the response of the authorities. In this regard, the ineffective responses and the indifferent attitudes that have been documented in relation to the investigation of these crimes should be noted, since they appear to have permitted the perpetuation of the violence against women in Ciudad Juárez. The Court finds that, up until 2005, most of the crimes had not been resolved, and murders with characteristics of sexual violence present higher levels of impunity. 2. Facts of the case 2.1. Disappearances of the victims 165. Laura Berenice Ramos Monárrez was 17 years old and a fifth semester high school student. The last information about her was that she telephoned a girl friend on Saturday, September 22, 2001, to tell her that she was ready to go to a party.169 The report that was filed indicated that she disappeared on Tuesday, September 25, 2001, without giving any further details.170 166. Claudia Ivette González was 20 years old and worked for a maquila plant. According to a close friend, “when she went out, it was almost always for short periods, because she helped her sister take care of her daughter, and therefore sometimes arrived late”171 at work. On October 10, 2001, she arrived at work two minutes late and, consequently, was not allowed in.172 She disappeared that day.173 169 Cf. appearance of Claudia Ivonne Ramos Monárrez before a deputy official of the Public Prosecutor’s Office attached to the Special Prosecutor’s Office to Investigate the Disappearances and Murders of Women, on October 1, 2001 (case file of attachments to the application, volume VIII, attachment 17, folio 2621) and appearance of Rocío Itxel Núñez Acevedo before a deputy official of the Public Prosecutor’s Office attached to the Special Prosecutor’s Office to Investigate the Disappearances and Murders of Women, on October 5, 2001 (case file of attachments to the application, volume VIII, attachment 19, folio 2625). 170 Cf. Missing Person Report No. 225/2001, processed on September 25, 2001, with regard to Laura Berenice Ramos Monárrez (case file of attachments to the application, volume VIII, attachment 11, folio 2609), and appearance of Benita Monárrez Salgado before a deputy official of the Public Prosecutor’s Office attached to the Office of the Special Prosecutor to Investigate Murders of Women and Disappearances of Persons on September 25, 2001 (case file of attachments to the application, volume VIII, attachments 12 and 14, folio 2611). 171 Information taken from the report issued by two Judicial Police agents attached to the Joint Agency to Investigate and Prosecute the Murders of Women of Chihuahua on September 28, 2007 (case file of attachments to the answer to the application, volume XXXV, attachment 50, docket II, volume IV, folio 12974). 172 Cf. Statement made on October 24, 2001, by Juan Antonio Martínez Jacobo before the Office of the Special Prosecutor to Investigate Murders of Women and Disappearances of Persons (case file of attachments to the application, volume VIII, attachment 23, folio 2637) and Missing Person Report No. 234/2001 processed on October 12, 2001, with regard to Claudia Ivette González (case file of attachments to the application, volume VIII, attachment 8, folio 2603). 173 Cf. Missing Person Report No. 234/2001, supra note 172; appearance of Mayela Banda González before a deputy official of the Public Prosecutor’s Office attached to the Office of the Special Prosecutor to Investigate Murders of Women and Disappearances of Persons on October 12, 2001 (case file of attachments to the answer to the application, volume XXXII, attachment 50 docket II, volume I, folio 11102), and testimony given by Mrs. González at the public hearing held before the Inter-American Court on April 28, 2009.