81
the bodies were discovered.346 That same day, the body was returned to the family.347
Regarding that case, the EAAF considered that, when the remains were returned to the
next of kin, “there were insufficient elements to establish a positive identification.”348
In the case of Laura Berenice Ramos, on March 22, 2002, her mother indicated that
she recognized the body of her daughter by a brassiere and “huaraches” (sandals) that
she was shown. She also stated that she was asked whether her daughter had ever
broken her arm, and had responded affirmatively.349 This identification was confirmed
by the victim’s uncle, when he recognized the characteristics that were described and
the fracture of the arm.350 The same day, the body was returned to them.351
321. After returning the bodies to the next of kin, the Technical Office of Expert
Services of Chihuahua issued reports on forensic craniometry and odontology and
determined “matching cranial-facial features” and “characteristics of the teeth” when
comparing photographs of the victims, their skulls and their teeth.352
322. Regarding the use of the cranial-facial superposition methodology, the expert
appraisal in the case file indicates that this should be complemented by other analyses
in order to achieve a positive identification. Expert witness Snow explained that “no
responsible forensic anthropologist uses this technique as a means of positive
identification.”353 For example, in the case of Esmeralda Herrera, witness Doretti
explained that “the analysis of the cranium-photograph superposition should have been
supported by complete DNA testing before the remains were returned.” In this regard,
the witness indicated that the return of the remains meant that genetic testing carried
out almost a year later offered inconclusive results owing to the negligible DNA
information recovered.354
323. In addition, the EAAF stated that, in October 2003, new genetic tests were
requested for the other Cotton Field cases. However, the remains of the victims in the
instant case were not examined, “possibly because they had already been returned to
346
Cf. testimonial statement on the identification of a body made by Adrián Herrera Monreal on
November 16, 2001 (case file of attachments to the application, volume IX, attachment 54, folio 2882), and
testimonial statement on the identification of a body made by Antonio Herrera Rodríguez (case file of
attachments to the application, volume IX, attachment 55, folio 2884).
347
Cf. official letter No. 534/01 issued by the official of the Public Prosecutor’s Office attached to the
Office of the Special Prosecutor for the Investigation of the Murders of Women on November 16, 2001 (case
file of attachments to the application, volume IX, attachments 56 and 57, folio 2886).
348
Cf. testimony of expert witness Doretti, supra note 141, folio 2347.
349
Cf. testimonial statement on the identification of a body made by Benita Monárrez Salgado on
March 22, 2002 (case file of attachments to the application, volume IX, attachment 67, folio 2934).
350
Cf. testimonial statement on the identification of a body made by Pablo Monárrez Salgado on March
22, 2002 (case file of attachments to the application, volume IX, attachment 68, folio 2937).
351
Cf. official letter No. 248/02 MP, authorization to return the body of Laura Berenice Ramos
Monárrez, issued by the official of the Public Prosecutor’s Office attached to the Office of the Special
Prosecutor for the Investigation of the Murders of Women on March 22, 2002 (case file of attachments to the
application, volume IX, attachment 69 and 70, folio 2939).
352
Cf. forensic identification report issued by the Technical Office of Expert Services in relation to
Claudia Ivette González on November 21, 2001 (case file of attachments to the application, volume IX,
attachment 58, folios 2888 to 2893); forensic identification report issued by the Technical Office of Expert
Services in relation to Esmeralda Herrera on November 21, 2001 (case file of attachments to the application,
volume IX, attachment 59, folios 2895 to 2900), and forensic identification report issued by the Technical
Office of Expert Services in relation to Laura Berenice Ramos on January 8, 2002 (case file of attachments to
the application, volume IX, attachment 72, folios 2955 to 2962).
353
Cf. testimony of expert witness Snow, supra note 321, folio 4224, and testimony of expert witness
Doretti, supra note 141, folio 2345.
354
Cf. testimony of expert witness Doretti, supra note 141, folio 2347.
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