3
establishing the effective exercise and respect for the human rights in the State
concerned as soon as possible,5 which is the object and purpose of the Convention,
and thus making it unnecessary for the inter-American jurisdiction, whose main
purpose is precisely this re-establishment, to intervene.6
In other words, the rule of the prior exhaustion of domestic remedies operates in those
situations in which the object and purpose of the Convention has not been achieved
because the State concerned has failed to comply with its undertakings in this regard 7
and, therefore, the intervention of the international jurisdictional organ is necessary so
that, if appropriate, it can order the State to comply with the international obligations
it has breached, to guarantee that it will not violate them again, and to make
reparation for the consequences of such violations.8
This is why the Court indicates that “[t]he rule of prior exhaustion of domestic
remedies was conceived in the interests of the State, because it seeks to exempt it
from responding before an international organ for acts attributed to it, before it has
had the opportunity to remedy them by its own means.”9
However, this assertion must be nuanced or complemented because, on the one hand,
this rule is not included among the rights guaranteed by the Convention, 10 but rather
among the norms of the Convention concerning the mechanisms for the protection of
those rights11 – in other words, among the provisions of a procedural nature – and, on
the other hand, the rule was not solely and exclusively, or even mainly, conceived in
order to serve the interests of the State, but fundamentally in order to achieve, as a
practical effect, the most prompt and effective re-establishment of respect for human
rights by the State. Consequently, this rule has also been established, perhaps
primarily, for the benefit and use of the victim of a human rights violation. This is even
more evident if the provisions of Article 25(1) of the Convention, transcribed above,
are recalled concerning the right of everyone to judicial protection.
In other words, since the rule of prior exhaustion of domestic remedies is of a
procedural nature and, especially, since it is not among the rights recognized by the
Convention, it cannot be understood, per se or prima facie, as a restriction to the
enjoyment and exercise of those rights or, in any case, that this is not established in
Art. 1(1) of the Convention: “The States Parties to this Convention undertake to respect the rights
and freedoms recognized herein and to ensure to all persons subject to their jurisdiction the free and full
exercise of those rights and freedoms, without any discrimination for reasons of race, color, sex, language,
religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, economic status, birth, or any other social condition.”
5
6
Art. 63(1) of the Convention: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of a right or freedom
protected by this Convention, the Court shall rule that the injured party be ensured the enjoyment of his right or
freedom that was violated. It shall also rule, if appropriate, that the consequences of the measure or situation
that constituted the breach of such right or freedom be remedied and that fair compensation be paid to the
injured party.”
7
Art. 33 of the Convention: “The following organs shall have competence with respect to matters
relating to the fulfillment of the commitments made by the States Parties to this Convention: (a) the InterAmerican Commission on Human Rights, referred to as "the Commission;" and (b) the Inter-American Court of
Human Rights, referred to as "the Court."
8
Art. 63(1) of the Convention, transcribed above.
9
Para. 15.
10
Part I of the Convention, “State Obligations and Rights Protected.”
11
Part II of the Convention, “Means of Protection.”