-3- C. The domestic proceedings on the facts alleged to the detriment of the 11 women ................... 43 C.1 Investigation conducted by the CNDH.................................................................... 43 C.2 Investigation conducted by the SCJN ..................................................................... 45 C.3 Investigations and criminal proceedings in the state of Mexico ................................. 47 C.4 Preliminary inquiry at the federal level before the FEVIM ......................................... 55 IX MERITS ............................................................................................................................. 56 IX-1 RIGHTS TO PERSONAL INTEGRITY, DIGNITY AND PRIVACY, PROHIBITION OF TORTURE AND RIGHT OF ASSEMBLY, IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT AND GUARANTEE THESE RIGHTS WITHOUT DISCRIMINATION ............................................................................................ 57 A. Arguments of the parties and of the Commission .................................................................... 57 B. Considerations of the Court .................................................................................................... 59 B.1 Use of force and right of assembly ........................................................................ 59 B.2 The sexual violence and rape committed against the eleven women and its classification as torture in this case ............................................................................................... 66 B.3 Gender-based discrimination and verbal violence based on discriminatory female stereotypes.............................................................................................................. 77 B.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 82 IX-2 RIGHTS TO PERSONAL LIBERTY AND TO JUDICIAL GUARANTEES, IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT AND TO ENSURE THESE RIGHTS, WITH REGARD TO THE DETENTIONS ON MAY 3 AND 4, 2006 ................................................................................................................ 83 A. Arguments of the parties and of the Commission .................................................................... 83 B. Considerations of the Court .................................................................................................... 84 B.1. Unlawfulness and arbitrariness of the initial detentions of the eleven women victims in this case.................................................................................................................. 85 B.2 Notification of the reasons for the detention and the right of defense ........................ 89 B.3 The arbitrary nature of the preventive detention ..................................................... 91 B.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 93 IX-3 RIGHTS TO JUDICIAL GUARANTEES AND JUDICIAL PROTECTION, IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT AND TO ENSURE THESE RIGHTS ............................................................ 94 A. Arguments of the parties and of the Commission .................................................................... 94 B. Considerations of the Court .................................................................................................... 95 B.1 Due diligence in the investigation and processing of the complaint of rape ................. 96 B.2 Reasonable time ............................................................................................... 109 B.3 Gender-based discrimination based on the flaws in the investigation ....................... 110 B.4 General conclusion ............................................................................................ 113 IX-4 RIGHT TO PERSONAL INTEGRITY OF THE NEXT OF KIN, IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT AND TO ENSURE THESE RIGHTS .................................................................................... 113 A. Arguments of the parties and of the Commission .................................................................. 113 B. Considerations of the Court .................................................................................................. 113 X REPARATIONS ................................................................................................................. 116 A. Injured party ........................................................................................................................ 117