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Manuela y otros. Judgment. November 2, 2021

IACourt judgment

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I INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE AND PURPOSE OF THE DISPUTE4
II PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT5
III JURISDICTION11
IV PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS11
A. Alleged time-barred presentation of the petition11
A.1 Arguments of the parties and the Commission12
A.2 Considerations of the Court12
B. The Commission’s alleged failure to assess the progress made in complying with the Merits Report13
B.1 Arguments of the parties and the Commission13
B.2 Considerations of the Court13
A. Arguments of the parties and the Commission14
B. Considerations of the Court14
V PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATION14
VI EVIDENCE15
A. Admissibility of the documentary evidence15
B. Admissibility of the statements offered16
VII FACTS16
A. Factual framework16
B. Factual context18
C. Manuela and her family unit20
D. Manuela’s pregnancy21
E. The medical treatment of the obstetric emergency21
F. The criminal prosecution of Manuela22
G. The presumed victim’s detention and subsequent investigation procedures24
H. Manuela’s trial26
I. Guilty verdict27
J. Situation of the presumed victim’s health while deprived of liberty28
K. Subsequent judicial remedies29
VIII MERITS30
VIII-1 RIGHTS TO PERSONAL LIBERTY AND PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATIONS TO RESPECT RIGHTS AND TO ADOPT DOMESTIC LEGAL PROVISIONS30
A. Arguments of the parties and the Commission30
B. Considerations of the Court31
VIII-2 RIGHTS TO JUDICIAL GUARANTEES, PERSONAL INTEGRITY AND EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW, IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATIONS TO RESPECT RIGHTS WITHOUT DISCRIMINATION AND TO ADOPT DOMESTIC LEGAL PROVISIONS35
A. Arguments of the parties and the Commission35
B. Considerations of the Court37
B.1 The right to defense37
B.2 The use of gender stereotypes and judicial guarantees40
B.3 The sentence imposed on Manuela47
B.4 Conclusion50
A. Arguments of the parties and the Commission50
B. Considerations of the Court52
B.1 The medical attention received by Manuela before the obstetric emergency55
B.2 The medical attention received by Manuela during the obstetric emergency55
B.3 The violation of medical confidentiality and the protection of personal data59
B.4 The medical attention received by Manuela during her detention66
B.5 The violation of the right to life and the alleged lack of investigation69
B.6 The impact of the discrimination that occurred in this case70
B.7 Conclusion73
VIII-4 RIGHT TO PERSONAL INTEGRITY OF THE FAMILY MEMBERS IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT RIGHTS73
A. Arguments of the parties and the Commission73
B. Considerations of the Court74
IX REPARATIONS75
A. Injured party76
B. Measures of satisfaction76
B.1 Publication of the judgment76
B.2 Public act to acknowledge international responsibility76
B.3 Scholarships for Manuela’s sons77
C. Measure of rehabilitation78
D. Guarantees of non-repetition78
D.1 Regulation of medical professional secrecy and its exceptions, and adaptation of the medical protocols and guidelines for attending to obstetric emergencies78
D.2 Adaptation of the regulation of the imposition of pretrial detention79
D.3 Awareness-raising and training for public officials80
D.4 Adaptation of the criminal dosimetry for infanticide81
D.5 Sexual and reproductive education program81
D.6 Attention in cases of obstetric emergencies82
E. Compensation82
E.1 Pecuniary damage82
E.2 Non-pecuniary damage83
F. Other measures requested84
G. Costs and expenses85
H. Method of compliance with the payments ordered86
X OPERATIVE PARAGRAPHS87
PARTIALLY DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE VIO GROSSI91
CONCURRING OPINION OF JUDGE SIERRA PORTO97
CONCURRING OPINION OF JUDGE ZAFFARONII100
CONCURRING OPINION OF JUDGE PÉREZ MANRIQUE103

Manuela y otros. Judgment. November 2, 2021

IACourt judgment

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Type

Costs
Merits
Preliminary Objections
Reparations

Date: Nov 2, 2021

Mechanism

Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

Country

El Salvador

Signatories

Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor Poisot
Eduardo Vio Grossi
Elizabeth Odio Benito
Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni
Humberto Antonio Sierra Porto
Leoncio Patricio Pazmiño Freire
Ricardo C. Pérez Manrique

Separate vote

Eduardo Vio Grossi
Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni
Humberto Antonio Sierra Porto
Ricardo C. Pérez Manrique

Primary Documents

Manuela y otros. Judgment 2, 2021.pdf
english
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Manuela y otros. Sentencia de 2 de noviembre de 2021.pdf
spanish
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Supporting files

Manuela y otros. Sentencia de 2 de noviembre de 2021.docx814.21 kB

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IACourt Documents4
- Order of the President IACHR1
- Hearing2
- IACourt judgment1
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- Country1
Mecanismo1
- Mechanism1
Signatories3
- Judge and/or Commissioners3
Signatory Separate Vote2
- Judge and/or Commissioners2
Separate Votes4
- Separate vote4

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