23. This situation is associated with harmful gender stereotypes as indicated in the expert report by Juan Méndez: "Women journalists and human rights defenders face different types of differentiated risks due to the dynamics of discrimination and gender stereotypes. Women human rights defenders and journalists are particularly at risk of being threatened because of their reporting. Due to their visibility, there are attempts to silence them and targeted attacks aimed at discouraging broader dissent.” 24. Before addressing the reparation measures in relation to the protection of the right to freedom of expression of women journalists, I end this chapter with what Ms. Bedoya indicated regarding the exercise of her profession: “Journalism has been my lifeline in every way, but doing it under the conditions in which I have had to do it is humiliating and re-victimizing because I have to devise a thousand ways to be able to document, to be able to investigate, to be able to plumb the depths of Colombia, which is where I do my investigations and where I do my reporting. To continue risking my life, but above all to continue subjecting my mother to that anguish—that her daughter leaves home one morning to do her journalism and at night she may not return." Jineth Bedoya was investigating the facts of the case and continued to do so, cases that involved, as she has said, corruption, drug trafficking, organized crime, and cooperation and complicity between State authorities, paramilitaries, and criminal groups. Also, the guerrilla groups. For this reason, her voice was bothersome, and attempts were made to silence her without success using threats, kidnapping, rape, and all manner of intimidation. V. DUTIES OF THE STATE REGARDING WOMEN JOURNALISTS: COMPREHENSIVE MEASURES OF REPARATION 25. “Reviewing the work that we women communicators do from a gender perspective would be a crucial step forward for this hemisphere,” Ms. Bedoya said in her statement at the hearing. 26. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has found that States are required to “put into practice an effective system of protection for authors and journalists” as part of the obligation to establish an environment that fosters public debate and facilitates the 7