11. Amici Curiae. – The Court received 10 amicus curiae briefs filed by: a) Media Defence; 11 b) the IFEX network; 12 c) the International Human Rights Practicum of Boston College Law School; 13 d) the Government and Justice Studies Seminar of the Universidad de La Sabana’s School of Law and Political Science; 14 e) the Center for Reproductive Rights 15; f) Corporación Sisma Mujer from Colombia; 16 g) Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights; 17 h) Strategic Advocacy for Human Rights (SAHR); 18 i) the Corporación Sisma Mujer, the Colectivo de Abogados “José Alvear Restrepo” (CAJAR), the Corporación Casa de la Mujer, the Consultoría de Derechos Humanos para el Desplazamiento Forzado (CODHES) and the Comisión Colombiana de Juristas, members of the Roundtable for Monitoring Cases 092 of 2008 and 009 of 2015; 19 and j) the Alianza Cinco Claves 20 11 The brief was signed by Padraig Hughes and Carlos Gaio and addresses: (i) the context of violence against women journalists in Colombia; (ii) the special duty to protect journalists in the Colombian context; (iii) the duty to take a differentiated approach to protecting women journalists; (iv) the duty to provide protection to women journalists as they report; and (v) how sexual violence against women journalists and impunity for such acts have a chilling effect on freedom of expression. 12 The brief was signed by Anni Game and addresses: (i) IFEX's experience in this area; (ii) the importance Jineth Bedoya’s case as an emblematic case of impunity in attacks on women journalists; (iii) the negative effect on democracy of impunity for crimes against women journalists; and (iv) the fight against impunity as part of the duty to provide an environment favorable to freedom of expression. 13 The brief was signed by Daniela Urosa and Julia Novak and addresses: (i) established case law on matters of gender equality, freedom of expression, and freedom of expression and journalists; (ii) women journalists are a particularly vulnerable group; (iii) lack of protection has led to a vicious cycle of violence and impunity; (iv) impunity and retaliatory violence encourage self-censorship, which disproportionately affects women journalists; (v) because of the de facto prior restraint resulting from cyclical violence and impunity, the State has a positive obligation to provide special protection to women journalists; (iv) fulfilling this obligation requires formal adoption of a gender perspective; and (v) digital violence threatens women journalists disproportionately, increasing the need for special legal protection. 14 The brief was signed by Michelle Infante, María Verónica Hernández, Juana Padilla, Laura Sofía Bohórquez, Laura Kathalina Motta, and José Miguel Rueda and addresses: (i) the context of structural gender-based discrimination; (ii) the noninternational armed conflict and its differentiated impact on women; (iii) the impact of structural discrimination and the armed conflict on women’s freedom of expression; and (iv) comprehensive and transformative reparations with a gender perspective in cases of sexual violence within a context of structural discrimination and armed conflict. 15 The brief was signed by Catalina Martínez Coral, Cristina Rosero Arteaga, Viviana Rodríguez Peña; and Carolina Patricia Trejos and addresses: (i) international standards applicable to the Colombian State regarding victims of sexual violence; (ii) the context of the armed conflict and its relationship to the human rights violations committed against Jineth Bedoya; and (iii) reparations: standards and good practices on reparations for victims of sexual violence. 16 The brief was signed by Linda María Cabrera Cifuentes and Karla Roxana Pérez and addresses: (i) the State's response to sexual violence in the armed conflict, and (ii) systematic sexual violence in the Colombian armed conflict. 17 The brief was signed by Angelita Baeyens, Janina Heller and Wilson Fellow and addresses: (i) the unique factors of risk facing women journalists and human rights defenders and the specific types of violence they experience; (ii) the importance of guaranteeing the protection of women journalists and human rights defenders; (iii) the relevant standards of international human rights law related to some of the rights violated in this case; (iv) the mechanisms for protecting journalists in Colombia must include a gender perspective; and (v) reparations intended to be transformative. 18 The brief was signed by Natasha Latiff and addresses: (i) the nature of sexual violence in the context of the armed conflict in Colombia and in this specific case; (ii) the nature of trauma and the consequences of sexual violence, from an individual and collective approach; (iii) the State’s obligations regarding sexual violence; (iv) the State’s obligations to investigate, prosecute, and punish acts of sexual violence; (v) reparations for victims of sexual violence; (vi) the legal and administrative framework on reparations for victims of the armed conflict; and (vii) adequate measures of reparation: a holistic approach. 19 The brief was signed by Valeria Silva Fonseca, Jomary Ortegón Osorio, María Paula Lemus P., María Alejandra Escobar C., Olga Amparo Sánchez, Marco Romero Silva, and Javier A. Galindo and addresses: (i) access to justice (“inconsistency in the procedural status of the cases," “continuation of practices that encourage impunity"; (ii) reparations ("judicial reparations," "administrative reparations"; (iii) protection (“judicial protection - Office of the Attorney General of the Nation,” "National Protection Unit (UNP)"); and (iv) evaluation of the strategies implemented by the institutions (" strategies of the Attorney General of the Nation,” "strategies of other entities"). This Alliance is comprised of the following organizations: Red Nacional de Mujeres, Corporación Humanas - Centro Regional de Derechos Humanos y Justicia de Género, Colombia Diversa, Women’s Link Worldwide, and Corporación Sisma Mujer. 20 7