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117 Humberto Antonio Sierra Porto President Roberto F. Caldas Eduardo Vio Grossi Manuel E. Ventura Robles Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor Poisot Pablo Saavedra Alessandri Secretary So ordered Humberto Antonio Sierra Porto President Pablo Saavedra Alessandri Secretary

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I INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE AND PURPOSE OF THE DISPUTE5
II PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT6
III COMPETENCE8
IV PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS8
A) Preliminary objection of lack of competence ratione materiae with regard to Article 7 of the Convention of Belém do Pará8
B) Preliminary objection of lack of competence ratione temporis with regard to Article 7 of the Convention of Belém do Pará9
V PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS11
A) Determination of the presumed victims in this case11
B) Factual framework of the case11
VI EVIDENCE13
A) Documentary, testimonial and expert evidence13
B) Admission of the evidence13
C) Assessment of the evidence15
VII FACTS15
A) Context in which the facts of the case occurred15
A.1. The conflict in Peru17
A.2. The states of emergency, the anti-terrorism laws, and also the coup d’état of April 5, 199217
A.3. The practice of detentions, torture, and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment at the time of the facts19
A.4. The practice of rape and other forms of sexual violence against women at the time of the facts21
A.5 Conclusions22
B) The proven facts concerning Gladys Carol Espinoza Gonzáles23
B.1. The arrest of Gladys Carol Espinoza Gonzáles and the time she spent at the headquarters of the DIVISE and the DINCOTE23
B.2. The transfer to different prisons and her continuing incarceration26
B.3. The alleged acts of violence, in particular sexual violence, perpetrated againstGladys Espinoza 27
B.4. Investigation into the alleged acts of violence, in particular sexual violence, perpetrated against Gladys Carol Espinoza Gonzáles (Third Supra-provincial Criminal Prosecutor, Case file No. 08-2012)28
VIII MERITS36
VIII.1. RIGHT TO PERSONAL LIBERTY, IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT AND ENSURE RIGHTS37
A) Arguments of the parties and of the Commission37
B) Considerations of the Court40
B.1.Article 7(2) of the American Convention (right not to be deprived of liberty unlawfully) in relation to Article 1(1) of this instrument41
B.2. Article 7(4) of the American Convention (right to be informed of the reasons for the detention), in relation to Article 1(1) of this instrument47
B.3. Article 7(5) and 7(3) of the American Convention (right to judicial control of the detention and right not to be deprived of liberty arbitrarily), in relation to Article 1(1) of this instrument48
B.4. Article 7(6) of the American Convention (right to recourse to a competent judge or court for a decision on the lawfulness of the arrest or detention), in relation to Article 1(1) of this instrument50
B.5. Conclusion51
VIII.2. RIGHT TO HUMANE TREATMENT AND TO PRIVACY, AND OBLIGATION TO PREVENT AND PUNISH TORTURE51
A) General standards relating to personal integrity and the torture of detainees52
B) The detention of Gladys Espinoza and the events that took place on the premises of the DIVISE and DINCOTE in April and May 199353
C) Detention conditions of Gladys Carol Espinoza Gonzáles in the Yanamayo Maximum Security Prison of Puno and the incident that occurred on August 5, 199972
VIII.3 SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND THE OBLIGATION NOT TO DISCRIMINATE AGAINST WOMEN, IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT RIGHTS77
A) Arguments of the parties and of the Commission77
B) Considerations of the Court77
B.1. The discriminatory practice of sexual violence and rape3
VIII.4. RIGHTS TO JUDICIAL GUARANTEES AND TO JUDICIAL PROTECTION81
A) Arguments of the Commission and of the parties81
B) Considerations of the Court83
B.1. The failure to investigate between 1993 and 2012 the events that occurred on the premises of the DIVISE and the DINCOTE in 1993 and the incident that took place in the Yanamayo Prison in 1999 86
B.2. The investigation opened in 2012 100
VIII.5. RIGHT TO PERSONAL INTEGRITY OF THE VICTIM’S NEXT OF KIN, IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT AND TO ENSURE RIGHTS101
A) Arguments of the parties and of the Commission101
B) Considerations of the Court102
IX REPARATIONS (Application of Article 63(1) of the American Convention) 103
A) Injured party104
B) Obligation to investigate the facts that gave rise to the violations and to identify, prosecute and punish, as appropriate, those responsible104
C) Measures of rehabilitation and satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition106
C.1. Rehabilitation106
C.2. Satisfaction107
C.3. Guarantees of non-repetition108
C.4. Other measures requested111
D) Compensation111
E) Costs and expenses112
F) Reimbursement of the expenses to the Victims’ Legal Assistance Fund113
G) Method of complying with the payments ordered114
X OPERATIVE PARAGRAPHS4

Espinoza Gonzáles. Judgment. November 20, 2014

IACourt judgment

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Type

Costs
Merits
Preliminary Objections
Reparations

Date: Nov 20, 2014

Mechanism

Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

Number: C 289

Country

Peru

Signatories

Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor Poisot
Eduardo Vio Grossi
Humberto Antonio Sierra Porto
Manuel E. Ventura Robles
Roberto de Figueiredo Caldas

Primary Documents

Espinoza Gonzáles. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment. November 20, 2014.pdf
English
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Espinoza Gonzáles. Excepciones Preliminares, Fondo, Reparaciones y Costas. Sentencia de 20 de noviembre de 2014.pdf
Spanish
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Espinoza Gonzales. Sentença de 20 de novembro de 2014.pdf
Portuguese
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Supporting files

Espinoza Gonzáles. Excepciones Preliminares, Fondo, Reparaciones y Costas. Sentencia de 20 de noviembre de 2014.doc882.69 kB

Espinoza Gonzáles. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment. November 20, 2014.doc1.19 MB

Espinoza Gonzales. Sentença de 20 de novembro de 2014.docx536.24 kB

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