invocation of these regulations by any of the parties could lead to an erroneous decision or a potential denial of justice. 3. In the field of international adjudication, the application of this principle has not been consistent. However, the Inter-American System's case law stands out for its frequent utilization of this principle. The dissolved Permanent Court of International Justice, 2 the International Court of Justice, 3 and the European Court of Human Right 4 have also reflected on the scope of the aforementioned principle. 4. Multiple judgments of this Court have reasoned around this jurisdictional tool. 5 Thus, already in the case Velásquez Rodríguez v. Honduras, in which the Commission did not expressly allege a violation of Article 1(1) of the Convention, the Court stated that this did not prevent its invocation "since this provision constitutes the generic foundation for the protection of the rights recognized by the Convention and because it would be applicable anyway Case of Lotus. Judgment No. 9, 1927, Series A, No. 1, page 31. Case of Fisheries Jurisdiction (United Kingdom v. Iceland). Judgment of July 25, 1974, paras. 1718; Case of Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America). Judgment of June 27, 1986, paragraph 29. 4 Case of Handyside v. United Kingdom. Judgment of December 7, 1976, Series A No. 24, paragraph 41; Case of Guerra et al. v. Italy. Judgment of February 19, 1998, Reports 1998-I, p. 13, paragraph 44; Case of Philis v. Greece. Judgment of August 27, 1991, Series A No. 209, p. 19, para 56; Case of Powell and Rayner v. United Kingdom. Judgment of February 21, 1990, Series A No. 172, p. 13, para. 29; Case of Scoppola v. Italy (No. 2). Judgment of September 17, 2009, p. 17, paragraph 5; Case of Celikbilek v. Turkey. Judgment of May 31, 2005, paragraphs 100-105. 5 Case of Velásquez Rodríguez v. Honduras. Judgment of July 29, 1988; Case of Godínez Cruz v. Honduras. Judgment of January 20, 1989; Case of Blake v. Guatemala. Judgment of January 24, 1998; Case of Durand and Ugarte v. Peru. Judgment of August 16, 2000; Case of Hilaire, Constantine et al. v. Trinidad and Tobago. Judgment of June 21, 2002; Case of Castillo Petruzzi et al. v. Peru. Judgment of May 30, 1999; Case of Cantos v. Argentina. Judgment of November 28, 2002; Case of Five Pensioners v. Peru. Judgment of February 28, 2003; Case of Myrna Mack Chang v. Guatemala. Judgment of November 25, 2003; Case of Maritza Urrutia v. Guatemala. Judgment of November 27, 2003; Case of Gómez Paquiyauri Brothers v. Peru. Judgment of July 8, 2004; Case of Juvenile Reeducation Institute v. Paraguay. Judgment of September 2, 2004; Case of the Moiwana Community v. Suriname. Judgment of June 15, 2005; Case of Acosta Calderón v. Ecuador. Judgment of June 24, 2005; Case of the Girls Yean and Bosico v. Dominican Republic. Judgment of September 8, 2005; Case of Mapiripan Massacre v. Colombia. Judgment of September 15, 2005; Case of García Asto y Ramírez Rojas v. Peru. Judgment of November 25, 2005; Case of Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community v. Paraguay. Judgment of March 29, 2006; Case of the Ituango Massacres v. Colombia. Judgment of July 1, 2006; Case of Ximenes Lopes v. Brazil. Judgment of July 4, 2006; Case of Bueno Alves v. Argentina. Judgment of May 11, 2007; Case of Kimel v. Argentina. Judgment of May 2, 2008; Case of Heliodoro Portugal v. Panama. Judgment of August 12, 2008; Case of Bayarri v. Argentina. Judgment of October 30, 2008; Case of González et al. (“Cotton Field”) v. Mexico, request for inclusion of alleged victims and denial of referral for documentary evidence, January 19, 2009; Case of Escher et al. v. Brazil. Judgment of July 6, 2009; Case of Usón Ramírez v. Venezuela. Judgment of November 20, 2009; Case of Vélez Loor v. Panama. Judgment of November 23, 2010; Case of Vera Vera et al. v. Ecuador. Judgment of May 19, 2011; Case of Contreras et al. v. El Salvador. Judgment of August 31, 2011; Case of Grande v. Argentina. Judgment of August 31, 2011; Case of Furlán and family v. Argentina. Judgment of August 31, 2012; Case of Gudiel Álvarez et al. ("Diario Militar") v. Guatemala. Judgment of November 20, 2012; Case of Suárez Peralta v. Ecuador. Judgment of May 21, 2013; Case of Hermanos Landaeta et al. v. Venezuela. Judgment of August 27, 2014; Case of Expelled Dominican and Haitians v. Dominican Republic. Judgment of August 28, 2014; Case of Human Rights Defender et al. v. Guatemala. Judgment of August 28, 2014; Case of Rochac Hernández et al. v. El Salvador. Judgment of October 14, 2014; Case of Cruz Sánchez et al. v. Peru. Judgment of April 17, 2015; Case of Peasant Community of Santa Barbara v. Peru. Judgment of September 1, 2015; Case of Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname. Judgment of November 25, 2015; Case of I. V. v. Bolivia. Judgment of November 30, 2016; Case of Acosta et al. v. Nicaragua. Judgment of March 25, 2017; Case of Lagos del Campo v. Peru. Judgment of August 31, 2017; Case of Vereda La Esperanza v. Colombia. Judgment of August 31, 2017; Case of San Miguel Sosa et al. v. Venezuela. Judgment of February 8, 2018; Case of Women Victims of Sexual Torture in Atenco v. Mexico. Judgment of November 28, 2018; Case of Muelle Flores v. Peru. Judgment of March 6, 2019; Case of Rodríguez Revolorio et al. v. Guatemala. Judgment of October 14, 2019; Case of Indigenous Communities of the Lhaka Honhat Association (Our Land) v. Argentina. Judgment of February 6, 2020; Case of Hernández v. Argentina. Judgment of November 22, 2019; Case of Cuyo Lavy et al. v. Peru. Judgment of September 28, 2021; Case of Former Employees of the Judiciary v. Guatemala. Judgment of November 17, 2021, and Case of Casierra Quiñonez et al. v. Ecuador. Judgment of May 11, 2022. 2 3 2