22 they were interrogated, under torture, and then it was arbitrarily decided whether victims would be released or executed.19 72(5) As regards the treatment of detainees, in some cases, the intention was to lead them to exhaustion: they were obliged to stand up for long hours (with their backs to the wall, their eyes covered, in a corridor, etc.) or in awkward positions (squatting on their haunches, with their arms held back, sitting and with their heads between their legs, etc.).20 One of the most frequent torture forms by asphyxia was known as the “submarine,” which consisted of introducing the victims with their hands and feet tied up, headfirst, into a tank containing liquid mixed with intoxicating substances.21 72(6) The CVR received thousands of reports of acts of torture and cruel and inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment that occurred during the period extending from 1980 to 2000. Out of the 6,443 (six thousand, four hundred and forty-three) acts of torture and cruel and inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment reported, the highest percentage (75 %) of cases correspond to acts attributable to State officers or persons acting under its authority or acquiescence.22 72(7) Part of the responsibility for the extended practice of torture was the lack of control over the Armed Forces, the Police Forces or other State authorities, particularly by the judiciary.23 b) Status of rural communities in the Department of Ayacucho. 72(8) Ayacucho, one of the most impoverished departments of the country, has the greatest number of deaths and disappearances reported to the CVR.24 72(9) In the department of Ayacucho, peasants represent 51.9 % of the population, and 71.7 % of the population has quechua or aymara as their mother tongue. 19 Cf. Comisión de la Verdad (Commission for the Truth), Informe Final (Final Report), Lima: 2003, Book VI, Patterns for the perpetration of Crimes and Violations of Human Rights, page 94 (Record of Appendixes to the application, Appendix 2). 20 Cf. Comisión de la Verdad (Commission for the Truth), Informe Final (Final Report), Lima: 2003, Book VI, Patterns for the Perpetration of Crimes and Violations of Human Rights, page 180 (Record of Appendixes to the application, Appendix 2). 21 Cf. Comisión de la Verdad (Commission for the Truth), Informe Final (Final Report), Lima: 2003, Book VI, Patterns for the perpetration of Crimes and Violations of Human Rights, page 182 (Record of Appendixes to the application, Appendix 2). 22 Cf. Comisión de la Verdad (Commission for the Truth), Informe Final (Final Report), Lima: 2003, Book VI, Patterns for the Perpetration of Crimes and Violations of Human Rights, page 141 (Record of Appendixes to the application, Appendix 2). 23 Cf.. Comisión de la Verdad (Commission for the Truth), Informe Final (Final Report), Lima: 2003, Book VI, Patterns for the Perpetration of Crimes and Violations of Human Rights, page 165 (Record of Appendixes to the application, Appendix 2). 24 Cf. Comisión de la Verdad (Commission for the Truth), Informe Final (Final Report), Lima: CVR, 2003, Book I, Aspects and Profiles of Violence, pages 123, 124 et seq. (Record of Appendixes to the application, Appendix 2).