4
8.
On the other hand, inasmuch as Guatemala, as a State Party to the
American Convention on Human Rights (since 25 May 1978), only accepted the
jurisdiction of the Court in contentious matters on 09 March 1987, we are led, by
the application of a rigid postulate of the law of treaties, to introduce an artificial
fragmentation in the consideration of that crime of forced disappearance, taking
into account - in an atomized and not integral way - only some of its components,
subsequent to this last date, - with direct consequences for the phase of
reparations.
9.
Such situation is, in my understanding, unsatisfactory and worrisome,
since forced disappearance of person is, first of all, a complex form of violation of
human rights; secondly, a particularly grave violation; and thirdly, a continuing or
permanent violation (until the fate or whereabouts of the victim is established). In
fact, the continuing situation (cf. infra) is manifest in the crime of forced
disappearance of persons. As pointed out in this respect, in the travaux
préparatoires of the Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of
Persons,
"This crime is permanent in so far as it is committed not in an
instantaneous way but permanently, and is prolonged as long as the person
9
remains disappeared" . .
Such consideration was duly reflected in Article III of the Convention (supra).
10.
The same conception can be found in the United Nations Declaration on the
Protection of All Persons against Forced Disappearances of 1992, which, after
pointing out the gravity of the crime of forced disappearance of person (Article
1(1)), likewise warns that this latter ought to be "considered a permanent crime
while its authors continue concealing the fate or whereabouts of the disappeared
person and while the facts have not been clarified" (Article 17(1)).
11.
Long before the typification of the forced disappearance of person in the
International Law of Human Rights, the notion of "continuing situation" found
support in the international case-law in the domain of human rights. Thus, already
in the De Becker versus Belgium case (1960), the European Commission of Human
Rights, for example, recognized the existence of a "continuing situation" (situation
10
continue/situación continuada) . Ever since, the notion of "continuing situation"
has marked presence in the case-law of the European Commission, on numerous
11
occasions . The continuity of each situation appears - as the European Commission
9.
OEA/CP-CAJP, Informe del Presidente del Grupo de Trabajo Encargado de Analizar
el Proyecto de Convención Interamericana sobre Desaparición Forzada de Personas, doc.
OEA/Ser.G/CP/CAJP-925/93 rev.1, of 25.01.1994, p. 10.
10.
Cf. Cour Européenne des Droits de l'Homme, Affaire De Becker (Série B: Mémoires,
Plaidoiries et Documents), Strasbourg, C.E., 1962, pp. 48-49 (Rapport de la Commission,
08.01.1960).
11.
Cf., e.g., the decisions of the European Comission concerning the petitions ns.
7202/75, 7379/76, 8007/77, 7742/76, 6852/74, 8560/79 y 8613/79, 8701/79, 8317/78,
8206/78, 9348/81, 9360/81, 9816/82, 10448/83, 9991/82, 9833/82, 9310/81, 10537/83,
10454/83, 11381/85, 9303/81, 11192/84, 11844/85, 12015/86, and 11600/85, among
others.