57
These consequences have lasted until today, at both the individual and the
community level.241
49(16) In the village of Plan de Sánchez, the traditional community structure was
substituted by a vertical, militaristic structure; the traditional Mayan authorities were
replaced by military agents and the heads of the PAC. The leaders who survived the
massacre could not continue performing their role in the community because they
were subjugated by the Army. The community’s will, based on the consensus of its
members and on the Mayan norms and values of respect and service, was eliminated
and replaced by authoritarian practices and the arbitrary use of power. The
imposition of the military structure affected community life in Plan de Sánchez,
because it brought about the fragmentation of the group and the loss of reference
points within it.242
49(17) The physical and mental health of the surviving victims of the massacre has
been affected owing to the events.243
49(18) The lack of thoroughness in the investigation and processing of the criminal
proceedings (supra para. 49(6), 49(8) and 49(9)), and the obstructions to the latter
make it clear that both the Attorney General’s office and the courts of law have not
shown any desire to clarify the facts relating to the Plan de Sánchez massacre, which
occurred on July 18, 1982, or to prosecute and punish all the perpetrators and
masterminds. The acts of violence and repression to which the surviving victims of
the massacre were subjected have not been investigated either; and they continue
to be subjected to discriminatory practices in their attempts to have access to
justice. The impunity that reigns in this case keeps the events present in the
collective memory and stands in the way of rebuilding the social fabric.244 This whole
situation has caused non-pecuniary damage to the victims in this case.245
241
Cf. statement made before notary public by Benjamín Manuel Jerónimo on March 9, 2004, (file on
preliminary objections and merits and reparations, tome III, folios 470 to 488); statement made before
notary public by Eulalio Grave Ramírez on March 9, 2004, (file on preliminary objections and merits and
reparations, tome III, folios 489 to 502); testimony of Juan Manuel Jerónimo given before the InterAmerican Court during the public hearing held on April 23, 2004; testimony of Buenaventura Manuel
Jerónimo given before the Inter-American Court during the public hearing held on April 23, 2004, and
report of Nieves Gómez Dupuis given before the Inter-American Court during the public hearing held on
April 24, 2004.
242
Cf. statement made before notary public by Benjamín Manuel Jerónimo on March 9, 2004, (file on
preliminary objections and merits and reparations, tome III, folios 470 to 488); statement made before
notary public by Eulalio Grave Ramírez on March 9, 2004, (file on preliminary objections and merits and
reparations, tome III, folios 489 to 502); testimony of Juan Manuel Jerónimo given before the InterAmerican Court during the public hearing held on April 23, 2004; testimony of Buenaventura Manuel
Jerónimo given before the Inter-American Court during the public hearing held on April 23, 2004; report
of Augusto Willemsen-Díaz given before the Inter-American Court during the public hearing held on April
23, 2004, and report of Nieves Gómez Dupuis given before the Inter-American Court during the public
hearing held on April 24, 2004, and CEH report, supra note 238, tome III, pages. 206-211, paras. 2944 to
2950.
243
Cf. statement made before notary public by Benjamín Manuel Jerónimo on March 9, 2004, (file on
preliminary objections and merits and reparations, tome III, folios 470 to 488); statement made before
notary public by Eulalio Grave Ramírez on March 9, 2004, (file on preliminary objections and merits and
reparations, tome III, folios 489 to 502); testimony of Juan Manuel Jerónimo given before the InterAmerican Court during the public hearing held on April 23, 2004; testimony of Buenaventura Manuel
Jerónimo given before the Inter-American Court during the public hearing held on April 23, 2004;
testimony of Narcisa Corazón Jerónimo given before the Inter-American Court during the public hearing
held on April 23, 2004, and report of Nieves Gómez Dupuis given before the Inter-American Court during
the public hearing held on April 24, 2004.
244
Cf. statement made before notary public by Benjamín Manuel Jerónimo on March 9, 2004, (file on
preliminary objections and merits and reparations, tome III, folios 470 to 488); statement made before
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