43 a period in which title deeds to additional lands were granted under the 1963 Agrarian Law. At that time, the indigenous communities received title deeds to 62,500 hectares. A total of 28 communities received title deeds. The Mayagna or Sumo ethnic groups received title deeds to 14 thousand hectares. During this period there was a conflict between Nicaragua and Honduras, and as a consequence some communities decided to return to Nicaragua, and they received title deeds; Francia Sirpi and Wisconsin were among those communities. The period of the Revolution, during the eighties, is another moment. Under a new agrarian reform law, based on the criterion of additional lands and under the institution called MIDINRA, 29 communities received title deeds, but the exact number of hectares was not recorded in the Real-Estate Record Office. A study of the institutions’ records and those of the Real-Estate Record Office was only able to establish that title deeds had been issued to 28,000 hectares. During the 1995-98 period, a very complete diagnostic study was carried out on land tenure in the indigenous communities. This diagnostic study reflected the situation, according to the consultants’ discernment, of the communities mentioned at that time. The diagnostic study did not refer to the case of the Awas Tingni Community. An especially interesting point of land claims on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua has to do with the establishment of blocks. These blocks have a very positive aspect, as they strengthen management by the communities. However, there is a problem insofar as recently established communities, called “daughter communities”, have been added to the “mother communities” which received title deeds from the Titling Committee for the Mosquitia. The former have separated from the latter, attaining a certain autonomy, and now they intend to claim title to the land by invoking ancestral rights. No formal request for land titling by the Awas Tingni Community has been found in the archives of the institution which today bears the name of Office of Rural Titling (formerly INRA, and before that MIDINRA). However, at some point during the case proceedings, the Inter-American Commission supplied a photocopy of a register “of visits or incoming documents”, where a request by two representatives of the Community, demanding 16 thousand hectares of land titling, was recorded. Nevertheless, the witness could not specify the year in which that claim took place. The witness has knowledge of the study prepared by doctor Theodore Macdonald, which seeks to show ancestral occupation of their lands by the Awas Tingni Community. In this regard, he states that the Office of Rural Titling has addressed the issue of the Community, “in the understanding that it has already become known and that it is an issue which they must document […] institutionally”, for which reason the aforementioned Office hired a Nicaraguan expert, Ramiro Garcia, an archaeologist employed as a researcher by the National Museum of Nicaragua and an advisor to the Nicaraguan Cultural Institute, to evaluate that study. The institutional criterion of the Office that he represents is that the Awas Tingni Community does not have ancestral occupation of the lands to which it is requesting title deed. In fact, the Awas Tingni Community has conflicts of interest regarding land titling with communities which already duly received title deeds from the Titling Committee for the Mosquitia, but especially with communities or groups which received title deeds during the IAN period, specifically with the Communities of Francia Sirpi,