36 condemned the coup d’état and rejected the rupture of the constitutional order; this led to its members being threatened by the police and the military forces. 76(17) On May 31, 1993, Mr. Serrano Elías summoned Jorge Carpio Nicolle, as the leader of the UCN, to request the latter’s support, so that he could continue governing; however, Jorge Carpio Nicolle refused and indicated the need to return to the democratic constitutional order. 76(18) As of June 5, 1993, several draft amnesty laws were proposed informally in the National Congress to benefit the authors, accomplices and accessories of the coup d’état of May 25, 1993. On June 8, 1993, Jorge Carpio Nicolle, as Secretary General of the UCN and in representation of its deputies, stated in “El Gráfico” that he rejected the possible granting of an amnesty to the authors, accomplices and accessories of the coup d’état. Finally, these draft laws were not adopted owing to the opposition of the members of the UCN, headed by Jorge Carpio Nicolle, and the pressure this party exercised through the different media. 76(19) Jorge Carpio Nicolle, in addition to opposing the successive attempts to usurp power by unconstitutional mechanisms by Mr. Serrano Elías and later Gustavo Espina, and the intent to give amnesty to the authors of the coup d’état, developed a political strategy for a return to the democratic constitutional order. In this regard, after Mr. Serrano Elías’s coup d’état, the UCN and Jorge Carpio Nicolle promoted a “Political commitment to normalize the constitutional and institutional order,” defining the steps needed to restore democracy in Guatemala. 76(20) Subsequently, Jorge Carpio Nicolle’s efforts were addressed at establishing the so-called National Consensus Forum, which was composed of representatives of political parties, business associations, trade unions, cooperatives, multi-sector groupings and universities. This group was summoned, led and supported by Jorge Carpio Nicolle. The attack on Jorge Carpio Nicolle and his delegation 76(21) On July 3, 1993, during a proselytizing tour in the departments of Totonicapán, Huehuetenango and El Quiché, Jorge Carpio Nicolle and his delegation, comprising Martha Arrivillaga de Carpio, Juan Vicente Villacorta Fajardo, Sydney Shaw Arrivillaga, Ricardo San Pedro Suárez, Mario Arturo López Arrivillaga, Alejandro Ávila Guzmán and Rigoberto Rivas González, and Sydney Shaw Díaz, who was a minor at the time, were intercepted by more than 15 armed men who had covered their faces with balaclava helmets. When they had identified Jorge Carpio Nicolle, the armed men shot him at pointblank range, causing serious injuries, which led to his death. This took place in “Molino del Tesoro,” located at kilometer 141 of the highway to Chichicastenango, El Quiché, near Military Base No. 20. 76(22) During the same events, Juan Vicente Villacorta Fajardo, who was traveling in the same vehicle as Jorge Carpio Nicolle, was murdered, and also Alejandro Ávila Guzmán and Rigoberto Rivas González, who were traveling in a double-cabin pick-up together with Sydney Shaw Díaz, who was a minor at the time and who was seriously injured. Sydney Shaw Díaz, Martha Arrivillaga de Carpio, Sydney Shaw Arrivillaga, Mario Arturo López Arrivillaga and Ricardo San Pedro Suárez, survivors of the attack, were treated with cruelty, owing to the extreme violence of the events. The domestic investigation into the facts and the domestic proceedings