87. This notion of the "internal enemy" or "enemy within" in national security doctrine was recognized in 1994 in a Joint Report of two United Nations Special Rapporteurs, who wrote, following their visit to Colombia: In these areas, the armed forces allegedly continue to apply a counterinsurgency strategy based on the concept of "national security", whereby everybody who is known or suspected to be linked with the guerrillas is regarded as an internal enemy. . According to the information received, in the areas labelled as "zonas rojas" (red zones), where the insurgents are active and armed confrontations take place, the security forces view virtually all civilians as collaborators of the subversion (...). The category "internal enemy", applied to everyone who is regarded as supporting the guerrilla in one way or another (even if the insurgents use force to obtain, for example, food or money from civilians), is allegedly extended to all those who express dissatisfaction with the political, economic and social situation, particularly in the rural areas. Consequently, leaders and members of trade unions, political opposition parties, human rights organizations, social workers, etc., have been, alongside with peasants, the main victims of human rights violations in areas where there is armed conflict.60 88. Indeed, in its Second Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Colombia, the Commission pointed out that between the constitution of the Central Unitaria de Trabajadores de Colombia [Colombian Workers Confederation - CUT] in November 1986 and May 1990, 538 activists and trade union leaders were murdered and disappeared.61 89. A press release published on May 1, 1987 by El Colombiano reported that 32 trade union leaders had been murdered in Colombia in one year, as denounced at the Fifth National Forum on Human Rights, held in Bogotá,. It also stated that "the principal leaders of the trade union confederations received at least one death threat in the past year."62 90. A press release published by the same newspaper on January 25, 1988 reported the disappearance of two trade union leaders in Puerto Nare, as well as a meeting held by leaders of the National Federation of Construction, Cement and Wood (sic) Workers with the Attorney General, at which they complained of the "difficult public order situation in the Antioquia region."63 91. The file on this case contains copies of various communications sent, between 1987 and 1989, by the CUT, and the National Federation of Manufacturing, Construction, Cement and Construction Materials Workers (FENALTRACONCEM) to the President of the Republic, the Attorney General, the Minister of the Interior, and the Minister of Justice, reporting on the "wave of terror and violence to which the population and workers at the Cementos del Nare and Colombiana de Carburo were being subjected.64 92. Those communications contain a list of murders and disappearances in the Magdalena Medio region, in the department of Antioquia, since December 8, 1986, the day when trade union leader Julio 60 Huellas y Rostros de la Desaparición Forzada (1970-2010). Volume II National Center for Historical Memory. Case 4. Víctor Manuel Isaza Uribe: Desaparición Forzada y Represión Antisindical. Available at: http://www.centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/micrositios/desaparicionForzada/libros-tomo2.html. Citing. Joint report of the Special Rapporteur on the question of torture, Mr. Nigel S. Rodley, and the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Mr. Bacre Waly Ndiaye. E/CN.4/1995/111 of 16 January 1995. 61 IACHR, Second Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Colombia. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.84 Doc.39 rev., October 14, 1993, Chapter VIII. At: http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Colombia93sp/cap.8.htm. 62 Press release: “En el último año murieron asesinados 32 sindicalistas” published by El Colombiano on May 1, 1987. Appended to the comments of the petitioners received on February 18, 1992. 63 Press release: "Investigarán desaparición de dos líderes en Puerto Nare, ” published by El Colombiano on January 25, 1988. Appended to the comments of the petitioners received on February 18, 1992. 64 Appendix. Letters to a a series of authorities. Appendix to the comments of the petitioners dated Friday, February 7, 1992.