domain, in July 1991, Mrs. Villaseñor examined the case and order the arrest of Noél de Jesús Beteta Alvarez.22 The Commission notes that that case was later examined by the organs of the [inter-American] system and culminated in a judgment of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, handed down on November 25, 2003. In that judgment, the Inter-American Court ruled that Guatemala bore international liability for the murder of Myrna Mack Chang in September 1990 by military personnel and for failure to investigate and punish the perpetrators.23 53. Mrs. Villaseñor also pointed out that she had taken part in the proceedings regarding the purchase/sale of three helicopters in which three government officials had been accused of over valuation.24 54. In his January 2000 report , the Special Rapporteur at that time on the independence of judges and lawyers referred to Mrs. Villaseñor 's situation as follows: (...) María Eugenia Villaseñor, a member of the Court of Appeals, also complained of the persecution she said she had suffered for participating in high-profile human rights-related cases, such as the proceedings regarding the murder of the anthropologist Myrna Mack.25 55. According to information provided by the petitioners, in 1994 María Eugenia Villaseñor was a judge in the Third Court of Appeals.26 At the time, she also took part in conferences on the independence of the judiciary.27 In addition, along with other attorneys and Fundación Mack, she was a co-proponent of amendments to the draft Public Prosecution Service Act.28 56. In 1994, Mrs. Villaseñor published a book entitled "Myrna Mack and her encounter with justice."29 Mrs. Villaseñor stated that that book included a history of the Judiciary in 1980, which recounts the murders of judges, along with the facts regarding the death of Myrna Mack and the response of the judiciary.30 That book was cited in the report of the Commission for Historical Clarification.31 57. Mrs. Villaseñor pointed out that in January 1997 she had played a part in handing down a judgment that was widely publicized in the media in which it was resolved, pursuant to the American Convention, not to ratify a death sentence in a kidnapping case.32 She also participated as a judge of the Court of Appeals in the proceedings relating to the execution of University student Julio Cu Quim in April 1992.33 In that case, the Court of Appeals sentenced some 30 policemen and private guards for the death of Mr. Cu Quim.34 22 Scientists and Human Rights in Guatemala: Report of a Delegation (1992). Appendix D. 23 See: I/A Court HR. Case of Myrna Mack Chang v. Guatemala. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of November 25, 2003. Series C No. 101, 24 Petitioners’ communication of September 30, 1994. U.N., Report of the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers, Mr. Param Coomaraswamy, Guatemala. Thursday, January 06, 2000, par. 37. 25 26 Petitioners’ communication of September 20, 1994. 27 Petitioners’ communication of Friday, September 30, 1994. 28 Petitioners’ communication of Friday, September 30, 1994. 29 See: http://www.worldcat.org/title/myrna-mack-y-su-encuentro-con-la-justicia/oclc/31358110 30 Petitioners’ communication of November 23, 1994. 31 Report of the Commission for Historical Clarification. Volume III, Human Rights Violations and Acts of Violence, footnote 32 Petitioners’ communication of April 1, 1997. 325. See: http://www.prensalibre.com/hemeroteca/condenan-a-22-policias-a-prision-en-1993. Petitioners’ communication of April 1, 1997. 33 34 See: http://www.prensalibre.com/hemeroteca/condenan-a-22-policias-a-prision-en-1993. Petitioners’ communication of April 1, 1997. 9