21. The expectation of large financial returns on the part of the power elite involved in these
transactions has cut off access to effective judicial protection. The Community is constantly
being harassed by the authorities, making it difficult or materially impossible to gain access to
and exhaust internal remedies or collect evidence. Bowing to pressure, lawyers refuse to
defend the Community, and such domestic actions as have been filed have proved to be
ineffective, resulting in a continual violation of the rights of the Community to peaceably enjoy
the lands given to it by the State itself. The climate of harassment, coupled with the fact that
lawyers will not represent them for fear of reprisals, the disappearance of dossiers5 and the
persecution of Community leaders are all substantiated in case 12387 (Alfredo López v.
Republic of Honduras), which the Commission brought to the Inter-American Court of Human
Rights (hereinafter the "Inter-American Court" or the "Court"). The Community tried many
times to obtain supporting documentation but the search for such evidence was fruitless,
because the Municipality of Tela and the INA refused to turn it over. All this, added to the lack
of financial resources, places the Community in a situation of inequality and legal
defenselessness.
22. Based on the above, the petitioner asks for a ruling that prior exhaustion of domestic
remedies has been complied with and that July 8, 2003, the date on which the INA made
known the final court decision in the case of IDETRISA, serve as the date from which to count
the six-month period prescribed by the Convention. It would be pointless, the petitioner adds,
to lodge an administrative action because the defendants were acquitted in the criminal courts,
thereby leaving the plaintiffs in a situation of total legal defenselessness, inasmuch as not even
lawyers are willing to represent them.
23. This defenselessness is aggravated by the poverty of the Community's inhabitants. The
Commission is asked to pay special attention to this factor, which detracts from their ability to
defend themselves. As documentary evidence, the petitioner submits the complaints that were
filed with the authorities since the Community began to have problems with their lands in
Triunfo de la Cruz.
24. The petitioner ends by saying that the Community is uneasy about the future, because it
continues to receive threats, and one of the witnesses who was to attend the hearing held by
the IACHR had his house set on fire. In deciding on the admissibility of the petition, the
Commission should take account of the particular characteristics of this case, inasmuch as
internal remedies are not accessible. This should open the way to appeal to the IACHR. There
is, the petitioner argues, a continual and obvious violation of human rights in this case, which
should render the requirement on exhaustion of domestic remedies inapplicable. In addition, in
hearing before the Commission, the petitioner argued that the trend in international tribunals
with regard to exhaustion of domestic remedies, reflected in the case law of the European
Court of Human rights, is to interpret these cases with flexibility and in the light of the political
and legal conditions prevailing in each country.
B.
The State
25. On March 30, 2004, the State filed comments on the petition, stating that in the mid1900s the alleged victim reported its community village land in the Municipality of Tela. The
National Agrarian Institute, in 1979, issued to the Community of Triunfo de la Cruz a deed
guaranteeing occupancy of 126.40 hectares, thereby recognizing the possession the
Community had exercised up to that time.
26. In November 1993, moreover, the INA gave the Community a definitive deed of ownership
over an area of 380.52 hectares and in September 2001 added a deed for 253.48 hectares,
thus enlarging its territory. The territory in question and the deeds issued to the Garífuna
Community of Triunfo de la Cruz are private in terms of their legal nature and are included
within the urban radius of the Municipality of Tela.
5
It is explained, for instance, that in response to a request made to the INA, the Garífuna community of San Juan de
Tela was issued a final deed of ownership of a tract of land measuring 328 hectares, which deed is to be found in
dossier 27660 that has disappeared from COHDEFOR, the organization for protected areas of Tela and the Municipality
of Tela. This was reported to the Ministry of Justice and remains unresolved.
4