10
3.
Article 68(1) of the American Convention stipulates that “The States Parties to
the Convention undertake to comply with the judgment of the Court in any case to
which they are parties.” States Parties’ obligations under the Convention are binding
upon all branches of government and functions of the State.
4.
Because judgments of the Court are final and not subject to appeal, as
provided in Article 67 of the American Convention, the State’s compliance with the
Court’s judgments must be swift and thorough.
5.
The obligation to comply with the decisions in the Court’s judgments
corresponds to a basic principle of the law of the international responsibility of the
State, supported by international case law, according to which, a State must comply
with its international treaty obligations in good faith (pacta sunt servanda) and, as
this Court has already indicated and as established in Article 27 of the 1969 Vienna
Convention on the Law of Treaties, a party may not invoke the provisions of its
internal law as justification for its failure to perform a treaty.1 The States Parties’
obligations under the Convention are binding upon all branches of government and
State agencies.
6.
The States Parties to the Convention must guarantee compliance with its
provisions and its effects (effet utile) within their own domestic laws. This principle
applies not only to the substantive provisions of human rights treaties (in other
words, the clauses on the protected rights), but also to the procedural provisions,
such as the one concerning compliance with the Court’s judgments.
These
obligations must be interpreted and applied in such a way that the protected
guarantee is truly practical and effective, given the special nature of international
human rights treaties.2
7.
As the Court verified in its Order of November 27, 2003, the State has
complied with a number of the obligations imposed in the Judgments on merits and
reparations in the instant case (supra Having Seen 5).
*
*
*
1
Cf., inter alia, Case of Barrios Altos. Compliance with Judgment. Order of the Inter-American
Court of Human Rights of November 28, 2003, sixth considering paragraph; Case of Cantoral-Benavides.
Compliance with Judgment. Order of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights of November 27, 2003,
fifth considering paragraph, and Case of Bámaca-Vel��squez. Compliance with judgment. Order of the
Inter-American Court of Human Rights of November 27, 2003, fifth considering paragraph. See also,
International Responsibility for the Promulgation and Enforcement of Laws in Violation of the Convention
(Arts. 1 and 2 of the American Convention on Human Rights). Advisory Opinion OC-14/94 of December 9,
1994. para. 35.
2
Cf. Matters of: Liliana Ortega et al., Luisiana Ríos et al., Luis Uzcátegui, Marta Colomina and
Liliana Velásquez. Provisional Measures. Order of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights of May 4,
2004, twelfth considering paragraph; Case of Baena-Ricardo et al.. Competence, supra note 1, para. 66;
Constitutional Court Case. Competence. Judgment of September 24, 1999. Series C No. 55, para. 36; and
Case of Ivcher-Bronstein. Competence. Judgment of September 24, 1999. Series C No. 54, para. 37. See
also, inter alia, “Juvenile Detention Center” Case. Judgment of September 2, 2004. Series C No. 112,
para. 205; Case of the Gómez-Paquiyauri Brothers. Judgment of July 8, 2004. Series C No. 110,
paragraphs 150 and 151; and Case of Bulacio. Judgment of September 18, 2003. Serie C No. 100, para.
142. In this regard, see also Klass and others v. Germany, (Merits) Judgment of 6 September 1978,
ECHR, Series A no. 28, para. 34; and Permanent Court of Arbitration, Dutch-Portuguese Boundaries on the
Island of Timor, Arbitral Award of June 25, 1914.