expression has two dimensions: an individual dimension and a social dimension. The first is the right of each person to express their own thoughts, ideas, and information, which is not exhausted as the theoretical recognition of the right to speak or write, but also includes, jointly, the right to use any appropriate means to disseminate the thought and that it reaches the greatest number of recipients87. The second is the right that society has to procure and receive any information, which includes knowing the thoughts, ideas, and information of others and being informed88. In this sense, the Court has established that this freedom includes the right of each person to try to communicate their points of view to others, but it also implies the right of everyone to freely know opinions, stories, and news of all kinds89. 71. The Commission emphasizes that one of the purposes of Article 13 of the Convention is the strengthening of democratic, pluralist and deliberative systems, by protecting and promoting the free flow of information, ideas and expressions of all kinds90. This has also been recognized by the European Court of Human Rights91, the United Nations Human Rights Committee92, and the African Commission and the African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights93. It should be noted that Article 4 of the Inter-American Democratic 82/10, Case 12,524, Merits, Jorge Fontevecchia and Hector d'Amico, Argentina, July 13, 2010, para. 85. Available at: http://www.cidh.oas.org/demandas/12.524Esp.pdf.. I/A Court H.R., Compulsory Membership in an Association Prescribed by Law for the Practice of Journalism (Arts. 13 and 29 American Convention on Human Rights). Advisory Opinion OC-5/85 of November 13, 1985. Series A No. 5, para. 31. 87 I/A Court H.R., Case of Kimel v. Argentina. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of May 2, 2008 Series C No. 177, para. 53; I/A Court H.R., Case of Claude Reyes et al. v. Chile. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of September 19, 2006. Series C No. 151, para. 75; I/A Court H.R., Case of López Álvarez v. Honduras. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of February 1, 2006. Series C No. 141, para. 163; IACHR. Arguments before the Inter-American Court in the case of Herrera Ulloa v. Costa Rica. Transcribed in: I/A Court H.R., Case of Herrera Ulloa v. Costa Rica. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of July 2, 2004. Series C No. 107, para. 101.1 a); I/A Court H.R., Case of Herrera Ulloa v. Costa Rica. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of July 2, 2004. Series C No. 107, para. 108; I/A Court H.R., Case of Ivcher Bronstein v. Peru. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of February 6, 2001. Series C No. 74, para. 146; I/A Court H.R., Case of Ricardo Canese v. Paraguay. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of August 31, 2004. Series C No. 111, para. 77; I/A Court H.R., Case of "The Last Temptation of Christ" (Olmedo Bustos et al.) v. Chile. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of February 5, 2001. Series C No. 73, para. 64; I/A Court H.R., Compulsory Membership in an Association Prescribed by Law for the Practice of Journalism (Arts. 13 and 29 American Convention on Human Rights). Advisory Opinion OC-5/85 of November 13, 1985. Series A No. 5, para. 30; IACHR. Annual Report 1994. Chapter V: Report on the Compatibility of “Desacato” Laws with the American Convention on Human Rights. Title III. OEA/Ser. L/V/II.88. doc. 9 rev. February 17, 1995; IACHR. Report No. 130/99. Case No. 11,740. Víctor Manuel Oropeza Mexico. November 19, 1999. Para. 51; IACHR. Report No. 11/96, Case No. 11,230. Francisco Martorell. Chile. May 3, 1996. Para. 53. 88 I/A Court H.R., Case of Herrera Ulloa v. Costa Rica. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of July 2, 2004. Series C No. 107, para. 110; I/A Court H.R., Case of Ricardo Canese v. Paraguay. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of August 31, 2004. Series C No. 111, para. 79; I/A Court H.R., Case of "The Last Temptation of Christ" (Olmedo Bustos et al.) v. Chile. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of February 5, 2001. Series C No. 73, para. 66. 89 IACHR. Arguments before the Inter-American Court in the case of Herrera Ulloa v. Costa Rica. Transcribed in: I/A Court H.R., Case of Herrera Ulloa v. Costa Rica. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of July 2, 2004. Series C No. 107, para. 143. d); IACHR. Arguments before the Inter-American Court in the case "The Last Temptation of Christ" (Olmedo Bustos et al.) V. Chile. Transcribed in: I/A Court H.R., Case of "The Last Temptation of Christ" (Olmedo Bustos et al.) v. Chile. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of February 5, 2001. Series C No. 73, para. 61. b). 90 I/A Court H.R., Case of Ricardo Canese v. Paraguay. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of August 31, 2004. Series C No. 111, para. 83; I/A Court H.R., Case of Herrera Ulloa v. Costa Rica. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of July 2, 2004. Series C No. 107, para. 113; I/A Court H.R., Case of Ivcher Bronstein v. Peru. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of February 6, 2001. Series C No. 74, para. 152; I/A Court H.R., Case of "The Last Temptation of Christ" (Olmedo Bustos et al.) v. Chile. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of February 5, 2001. Series C No. 73, para. 69. See also, Eur. Court H.R., Scharsach and News Verlagsgesellschaft v. Austria, no. 39394/98, para. 29, ECHR 2003-XI; Eur. Court H.R., Perna v. Italy [GC], no.48898/98, para. 39, ECHR 2003-V; Eur. Court H.R., Dichand and others v. Austria, no. 29271/95, para. 37, ECHR 26 February 2002; Eur. Court H.R., Case of Lehideux and Isorni v. France, Judgment of 23 September, 1998, para. 55; Eur. Court H.R., Case of Otto-Preminger-Institut v. Austria, Judgment of 20 September, 1994, Series A no. 295-A, para. 49; Eur. Court H.R. Case of Castells v. Spain, Judgment of 23 April, 1992, Serie A. No. 236, para. 42; Eur. Court H.R. Case of Oberschlick v. Austria, Judgment of 25 April, 1991, para. 57; Eur. Court H.R., Case of Müller and Others v. Switzerland, Judgment of 24 May, 1988, Series A no. 133, para. 33; Eur. Court H.R., Case of Lingens v. Austria, Judgment of 8 July, 1986, Series A no. 103, para. 41; Eur. Court H.R., Case of Barthold v. Germany, Judgment of 25 March, 1985, Series A no. 90, para. 58; Eur. Court H.R., Case of The Sunday Times v. United Kingdom, Judgment of 29 March, 1979, Series A no. 30, para. 65; y Eur. Court H.R., Case of Handyside v. United Kingdom, Judgment of 7 December, 1976, Series A No. 24, para. 49. 91 UN, Human Rights Committee, Aduayom and others v. Togo (422/1990, 423/1990 y 424/1990), decision of July 12, 1996, para. 7.4; and UN, Human Rights Committee. General Comment No. 34: Article 19 Freedom of opinion and freedom of expression. September 12, 2011. 92 African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, Media Rights Agenda and Constitutional Rights Project v. Nigeria, Communication Nos. 105/93, 128/94, 130/94 and 152/96, Decision of 31 October, 1998, para. 54; African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. 93 16