33 Humanos A.C. [Mexican Commission for the Defense and Promotion of Human Rights A.C.]. 82 117. The report of the IACHR Rapporteur underscores that, although Ciudad Juárez has been characterized by a significant increase in crimes against women and men83 (supra para. 108), several aspects of the increase are “anomalous” with regard to women because: (i) murders of women increased significantly in 1993;84 (ii) the coefficients for murders of women doubled compared to those for men,85 and (iii) the homicide rate for women in Ciudad Juárez is disproportionately higher than that for other border cities with similar characteristics.86 For its part, the State provided evidence that, in 2006, Ciudad Juárez was ranked fourth among all Mexican cities for the murder of women.87 118. From the information provided by the parties, the Court observes that no clear data exists on the exact number of women who have been murdered in Ciudad Juárez since 1993.88 Reports quote figures ranging from 260 to 370 women from 1993 to 82 Cf. Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos A.C., Compendio de recomendaciones, supra note 65, folios 6561 to 6626, and Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos, Feminicidio en Chihuahua. Asignaturas Pendientes, 2007 (case file of attachments to the pleadings and motions brief, volume XX, attachment 11.3, folios 6761 to 6864). 83 According to the Mexican Commission for the Defense and Promotion of Human Rights, although the phenomenon of violence in Ciudad Juárez affects both men and women, “it is important to note that, in the case of men, it is well known that the causes of the killings relate to drug-trafficking, vendettas and street fighting, among other factors” and “[i]n the case of the killings of women […] there are no apparent causes” (Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos, Compendio de recomendaciones, supra note 65, folio 6565). Similarly, the Ciudad Juárez Commission indicated that, even though the context of violence in Ciudad Juárez affected men, women and girls, “an underlying pattern of gender violence can be observed, although more local studies and statistics on the issue are needed” (Comisión para Prevenir y Erradicar la Violencia contra las Mujeres en Ciudad Juárez, Primer Informe de Gestión, supra note 67, folio 8668). 84 Cf. IACHR, The Situation of the Rights of Women in Ciudad Juárez, supra note 64, folios 1744 and 1761. 85 The report of the IACHR Rapporteur explains that, according to a presentation made on March 17, 2000, by Cheryl Howard, Georgina Martínez and Zulma Y. Méndez entitled “Women, Violence and Politics,” an analysis based on the death certificates and other data resulted in the conclusion that, over the period 1990-1993, 249 men were murdered while, between 1994 and 1997, 942 men were murdered, which signifies a 300% increase. According to the same study, between 1990 and 1993, 20 women were murdered and between 1994 and 1997, the number rose to 143, which signifies an increase of 600% (Cf. IACHR, The Situation of the Rights of Women in Ciudad Juárez, supra note 64, folio 1761). 86 Cf. IACHR, The Situation of the Rights of Women in Ciudad Juárez, supra note 64, folios 1743 and 1761; Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, supra note 64, folio 2007, and the Comisión Especial para Conocer y Dar Seguimiento a las Investigaciones Relacionadas con los Feminicidios en la República Mexicana y a la Procuración de Justicia Vinculada [Special Commission to Examine and Follow-up on the Investigations into the Femicides in the Mexican Republic and the Related Delivery of Justice], of the Chamber of Representatives of the Congress of the Union, Violencia feminicida en 10 entidades de la Republic Mexicana, published in April 2006 (case file of attachments to the pleadings and motions brief, volume XXI, attachment 11.4, folio 6930). 87 Cf. Office of the Special Prosecutor for the Investigation of the Murders of Women in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Informe Final, issued in January 2006 (case file of attachments to the answer to the application, volume XL, attachment 59, folio 14607). It should be noted that there is a difference in the figures for the number of women murdered for each 100,000 inhabitants mentioned by the Commission and by the Special Prosecutor’s Office in their respective reports. The figure provided by the Commission is 7.9 (the report does not indicate the period used to calculate this figure) and by the Special Prosecutor’s Office it is 2.4, for the period from 1991 to 2004 (Cf. IACHR, The Situation of the Rights of Women in Ciudad Juárez, supra note 64, folio 1761 and Office of the Special Prosecutor for the Investigation of the Murders of Women in Ciudad Juárez, Informe Final, folio 14607). 88 Reports provided to the Court as evidence, as well as evidence forwarded by the State, reveal that there is no consensus regarding the statistics for the murders of women in Ciudad Juárez. In this regard, CEDAW indicated: “[t]here are no clear and convincing records of the number of women who have been murdered and abducted. There is no agreement between the figures put forward by the various government