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role of auxiliary bodies to the Office of the Public Prosecutor and the Judicial Power.
In 1998 the Public Security Force (FUSEP) disappeared and the special Police forces
attached to the Secretariat of Security were created. Despite the change of approach
regarding the new threats to security, the personnel and professional formation of
police remained under the coordination of the Armed Forces until the end of the year
1998, reason for which the accusations regarding violations to human rights that
were allegedly committed by security bodies were a constant in that decade. Said
situation continues up to this date, despite the transition to civil command. There are
a high number of complaints against different authorities and against the Armed
Forces due to abuse of authority, excessive use of force, physical aggressions, illegal
arrests, as well as homicides.
In the year 2002 the Human Rights Commissioner, Leo Valladares Lanza, presented
a report that accuses the State and specifically, the police forces, of organizing and/
or tolerating “death squads” under modalities similar to those applied during forced
disappearances and extrajudicial killings in the eighties, since there was a “social
cleaning” or “social prophylaxis” campaign. In the year 2003, the Head of Affairs of
the Secretariat of Security, surprised all Hondurans by publicly accusing police
officials and agents of being involved in activities of organized crime such as theft of
vehicles, drug trafficking, and especially illegally arrests, torture, and the
extrajudicial killing of “criminal” adults and hundreds of children and youngsters who
were accused of criminal activities and of belonging to a mara or young gangs. In
recent times the promotion (case of Committees of public safety and of legislations
such as the reform to Article 332 wrongly called the “antimaras” law) as well as
tolerance (police involved in extrajudicial killings and the high impunity of
investigations) to the existence of patterns of “social cleaning” is clear, with
teenagers and young gang members currently being their main victims.
Youngsters are normally, on a daily basis, victims and perpetrators of violent acts
that result in injuries and deaths. Crime and violence become phenomena that are
practically inseparable, whichever their causes, and it has been proven that the
greatest number of violent deaths are of teenagers and youngsters. Data in general
state that in Honduras, during the last three years, almost 14,000 people have lost
their life in a violent manner. Statistics inform that in a large proportion the victims
of violence are young men between the ages of 16 and 35. Aggressors are also
mainly young men. Studies affirm that the participation of children in criminal
activities is no greater than 18% in more than two decades.
The violation to the right to life of children and youngsters in Honduras have their
maximum expression in the summary killings that have been occurring in the
country since the beginning of the nineties, but that started receiving more public
attention at the end of this decade. Honduran children and youngsters, especially the
poor, live in violent contexts, in which they are the main victims of a war where the
authorities, adults, the society in general, and youngsters themselves are active
protagonists of the wiping out of hundreds of children, teenagers, and youngsters
murdered as a consequence of the stigmatization of being a member of a mara or
gang. Data from the National Commission of Human Rights points out that of the
deaths accounted for in the year 2001, in 54.9% the authors are unknown, a number
that allows us to infer that they are planned and executed with premeditation and in
an environment in which the authors are concealed.
The maras or gangs are not a new phenomenon in Honduras. The maras are
connected to organized crime, because the policy in charge of cleaning the streets