The testimonies of the internally displaced received by the CEH reveal an attitude both of resistance to military control and in defense of life, not only in its physical sense, but also with regard to culture and political identity.19 41. The IACHR, for its part, in its second special report in 1993 titled "The Situation of Human Rights in Guatemala" documented the mass displacement in Guatemala caused by the widespread repression that occurred in 1981 and 1982.20 The Commission recorded the following: [M]any people, particularly indigenous people who had lived in the mountain regions for centuries, fled to Mexico. After more than ten years in exile, the 45,000 refugees recognized by the UNHCR in Mexico have decided to return to their homeland.21 42. Faced with this situation, in 1991 the Guatemalan State created the National Commission for Repatriates, Refugees and Displaced Persons (CEAR), which was composed of the then-Vice President, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of National Defense, the Minister of Government, the Minister of Urban and Rural Development, the Secretary of Economic Planning, and the Special Adviser for International Cooperation.22 The purpose of the CEAR was to solve the problem of refugees, returnees and displaced persons.23 43. In July of that same year, at the First Conference of Groups Created in Response to the Repression and Impunity, held in Guatemala City, the Permanent Commissions of Representatives of Guatemalan Refugees in Mexico (CCPP) spelled out six conditions for a safe and dignified return: a) Returning must be a voluntary, individual decision. The vast majority of the refugee population is demanding a collective and organized return. b) Guarantees that refugees will be allowed to return to their lands to take possession of them. This does not mean that upon their return, refugees will begin to fight with fellow peasant farmers now occupying their lands. c) Recognition of the refugees' rights to organize and associate freely. d) The right to life, to humane treatment and community. In this regard, the refugees are demanding guarantees that this right will be respected by the Government, the Army and other authorities. Accordingly, it is absolutely essential that the civilian authorities in each municipality be the only parties charged with public order, as prescribed in articles 253 and 259 of the Constitution. e) The Government is to allow national and international delegations, nongovernmental organizations and representatives of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to accompany the refugees upon their return, and remain in the country thereafter so that they can check to ensure that these conditions are being observed. 19 Annex 1. CEH, Guatemala: Memory of Silence, Conclusions and Recommendations, par. 71. IACHR, Fourth Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Guatemala, June 1, 1993, Chapter VII, “The Situation of Refugees and Displaced Persons in Guatemala and Their Human Rights.” Available at: http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Guatemala93eng/chapter.7.htm 20 21 IACHR, Fourth Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Guatemala, June 1, 1993, Chapter VII, “The Situation of Refugees and Displaced Persons in Guatemala and Their Human Rights.” 22 IACHR, Fourth Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Guatemala, June 1, 1993, Chapter VII, “The Situation of Refugees and Displaced Persons in Guatemala and Their Human Rights.” 23 IACHR, Fourth Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Guatemala, June 1, 1993, Chapter VII, “The Situation of Refugees and Displaced Persons in Guatemala and Their Human Rights.” 8