12
waived its use tacitly (Castillo Páez Case, Preliminary Objections. Ibid, para. 40;
Loayza Tamayo Case, Preliminary Objections. Ibid, para. 40; Castillo Petruzzi Case,
Preliminary Objections Judgment of September 4, 1998. Series C No. 41, para. 56).
Thirdly, the State that alleges non-exhaustion must indicate which domestic
remedies should be exhausted and provide evidence of their effectiveness (Castillo
Páez Case, Preliminary Objections. Ibid, para. 40; Loayza Tamayo Case, Preliminary
Objections. Ibid, para. 40; Cantoral Benavides Case, Preliminary Objections.
Judgment of September 3, 1998. Series C No. 40, para. 31; Durand and Ugarte
Case, Preliminary Objections. Judgment of May 28, 1999. Series C No. 50, para.
33).
54.
According to the criteria mentioned previously, the Court considers that, in
order to validly oppose the admissibility of the petition submitted to the InterAmerican Commission on October 2, 1995, the State should have expressly and in a
timely manner invoked the rule that domestic remedies should be exhausted.
55.
Although it is true that the briefs presented by Nicaragua to the Commission
while the petition was being processed indicated, among other information, the
progress of the proceedings before the domestic courts and also the State’s
willingness to comply with the judgments they delivered, it is evident that the State
did not clearly file the objection that domestic remedies had not been exhausted
during the first stages of the proceeding before the Commission. There is no record
in the file that this objection had been invoked expressly until the end of 1997,
specifically, in a note from the State of December 4, 1997, which was received by
the Commission the following day.
56.
From the foregoing, it is concluded that the State tacitly waived filing the
objection that domestic remedies had not been exhausted because it did not allege
this in a timely manner before the Commission.
57.
The Court, in turn, observes that, in its brief of May 6, 1998, replying to the
Inter-American Commission’s Report No. 27/98, Nicaragua explained how it was
“comply[ing] with the recommendations [of the Commission]” and once again did
not allege the failure to exhaust domestic remedies, so that it is impeded from filing
this objection now (estoppel).
58.
For the above reasons, the Court dismisses the objection filed by Nicaragua.
59.
Since the objection filed by the State has been dismissed because it was
presented after the statutory time limit had passed, the Court does not consider it
necessary to rule on the issue of the effectiveness of the domestic remedies
mentioned in the objection.
VII
60.
Therefore,
THE COURT
DECIDES
unanimously,