-22- 64. The indivisibility between Articles 25 and 8 of the American Convention that I maintain (supra) leads me to characterize access to justice, understood as the full realization of justice, as forming part of the sphere of jus cogens; in other words, that the inviolability of all the judicial rights established in Articles 25 and 8 considered together belongs to the sphere of jus cogens. There can be no doubt that the fundamental guarantees, common to international human rights law and international humanitarian law,53 have a universal vocation because they are applicable in any circumstance, constitute a peremptory right (belonging to jus cogens), and entail obligations erga omnes of protection.54 65. Following its historic Advisory Opinion OC-18/03 on the Juridical Status and Rights of Undocumented Migrants, the Court could and should have given this other qualitative step forward in its case law. I dare hope that it will do so as soon as possible, if it truly continues with its forward-thinking case law – instead of trying to halt it – and extends the advance courageously achieved in this Advisory Opinion with the continuing expansion of the material content of jus cogens. Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade Judge Pablo Saavedra-Alessandri Secretary 53 . law. E.g. Article 75 of Protocol I (1977) to the 1949 Geneva Conventions on international humanitarian 54 . Cf., likewise, see, e.g., M. El Kouhene, Les garanties fondamentales de la personne en Droit humanitaire et droits de l'homme, Dordrecht, Nijhoff, 1986, pp. 97, 145, 148, 161 and 241.