11 52. Subsequently, with the adoption of Law 59, on October 8, 2010, the National Bureau of Agrarian Reform was replaced in its authority by the National Land Management Authority (hereinafter 33 “ANATI”: Autoridad Nacional de Administración de Tierras). 53. As regards international instruments, on June 4,1971, the Panamanian State ratified Convention 107 of the International Labor Organization on indigenous and tribal populations (hereinafter “ILO Convention 107”), adopted on June 26, 1957. Panama has not ratified ILO Convention 169 on indigenous and tribal peoples in independent countries (hereinafter “ILO Convention 169”) adopted June 27, 1989, and in force since September 5, 1991. B. The indigenous peoples Kuna of the Madungandí and the Emberá of Bayano, their ancestral territory and mode of subsistence 54. The Bayano Watershed, or Bayano river region occupies a large part of the area of the District of Chepo (Distrito de Chepo), which is located in the province of Panamá, Republic of Panama. This district is divided, in turn, into eight corregimientos or sub-districts: Chepo, Cañita, Chepillo, El Llano, 34 Las Margaritas, Santa Cruz de Chinina, Madungandí, and Tortí. 55. The Bayano area is a section of the tropical rainforest ecosystem that extends from the southeastern part of the District of Chepo to the province of Darién, and which reaches into the 35 department of Chocó in Colombia. 1. The Kuna indigenous people of Madungandí 56. The Kuna indigenous people of Madungandí are from the Kuna linguistic group, also called Tule. According to the most recent national census, the Kuna population of Panama numbers 80,526 persons, accounting for 19.28% of the entire indigenous population, making it the second most 36 numerous indigenous group of Panama. th 57. Since the 16 century the Kuna have inhabited the Bayano region, in what is today 37 Panama, extending into the territory of Colombia. As a result of Spanish colonization, most of the Kuna displaced to the San Blas archipelago. The group that remained in the area of the Bayano river were 38 called the Kuna of Madungandí. The Kuna population that was displaced to San Blas was recognized 33 Law 59, of October 8, 2010, “Law that creates the National Land Management Authority, unifies the competences of the General Bureau of Cadastre, the National Bureau of Agrarian Reform, the National Land Management Program, and the ‘Tommy Guardia’ National Geographic Institute.” 34 According to information provided by the parties, the district of Chepo covers 5,311.2 km 2, of which 3,777.5 km2 correspond to the Bayano river basin. Annex 1. Esther Urieta Donos, thesis “Ipeti-Choco: Una comunidad Indígena de Panamá afectada por una Presa Hidroeléctrica.” Universidad Veracruzana, School of Anthropology, 1994. p. 27. Annex C to Petitioners’ brief of additional observations on the merits, received by the IACHR on December 18, 2009. 35 Annex 1. Esther Urieta Donos, thesis “Ipeti-Choco: Una comunidad Indígena de Panamá afectada por una Presa Hidroeléctrica.” Universidad Veracruzana, School of Anthropology, 1994. p. 27. Annex C to Petitioners’ brief of additional observations on the merits, received by the IACHR on December 18, 2009. 36 National Institute of Statistics and Census. Resultados Finales del XI Censo de Población y VII de Vivienda. Table 20: Indigenous population in the Republic, by sex, province, indigenous comarca, indigenous group to which they belong, and age group. 2010. 37 Annex 2. Informe Final de la Comisión Nacional de Límites Político-Administrativo sobre la Demarcación Física de la Comarca Kuna de Madungandí de 2000. Annex 3 to the petitioners’ Brief of July 13, 2012, received by the IACHR that same day; Annex 3. Alaka Wali, “Kilowatts and Crisis: Hydroelectric Power and Social Dislocation in Eastern Panama,” 26 Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado 1989. Annex 51 to the initial petition by the petitioners, May 11, 2000; Annex 1. Esther Urieta Donos, thesis “IpetiChoco: Una comunidad Indígena de Panamá afectada por una Presa Hidroeléctrica.” Universidad Veracruzana, School of Anthropology, 1994. p. 27. Annex C to Petitioners’ brief of additional observations on the merits, received by the IACHR on December 18, 2009. 38 Initial petition of the petitioners of May 11, 2000. p. 2.