3
Vihear (Cambodia versus Thailand, International Court of Justice, 1962), that jurist
had this to say, with a certain literary flair:
"Le temps exerce en effet une influence puissante sur l'établissement et la
consolidation des situations juridiques (...). D'abord la longueur du temps
dépend des matières. (...) Un deuxième élément doit être pris en
considération, nous serions tentés de l'appeler `la densité' du temps. Le temps
des hommes n'est pas le temps des
astres.
Ce qui fait le temps des
hommes, c'est la densité des événements réels ou des événements éventuels
qui auraient pu y trouver place. Et ce qui fait la densité du temps humain
aprécié sur le plan juridique, c'est la densité, la multitude des actes juridiques
6
qui y ont trouvé ou qui y auraient pu trouver place . .
6.
The time of human beings certainly is not the time of the stars, in more
7
that one sense.
The time of the stars, - I would venture to add, - besides being
an unfathomable mystery which has always accompanied human existence from
the beginning until its end, is indifferent to legal solutions devised by the human
mind; and the time of human beings, applied to their legal solutions as an element
which integrates them, not seldom leads to situations which defy their own legal
logic, - as illustrated by the present Blake case. One specific aspect, however,
appears to suggest a sole point of contact, or common denominator, between
them: the time of the stars is inexorable; the time of human beings, albeit only
conventional, is, like that of the stars, implacable, - as also demonstrated by the
present Blake case.
III.
Forced Disappearance as a Continuing or Permanent Crime.
7.
On the one hand, we are here before a proven case of forced
disappearance of person, typified even in the Guatemalan Criminal Code in force
(Article 201 ter as amended) as a continuing crime. In the same sense, the
international norms of protection typify it as a "continuing or permanent" crime
"while the fate or whereabouts of the victim is not established" (Inter-American
Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons of 1994, Article III); moreover,
8
they warn that it is a specific and autonomous crime , which constitutes a complex
form of violation of human rights (with related criminal acts), and which thereby
requires that it be understood and addressed pursuant to a necessarily integral
approach (as it can be inferred from the preamble and Articles IV and II of that
Convention).
6.
International Court of Justice, Temple of Preah Vihear case (Cambodia versus
Thailand), ICJ Reports (1962), Pleadings, Oral Arguments, Documents, vol. II, pp. 203 and
205. [Translation: "Time exerts in fact a powerful influence in the establishment and the
consolidation of juridical situations (...). First of all, the duration of the time depends on the
matters. (...) A second element ought to be taken into account, we would be prepared to call
it `the density' of time. The time of men is not the time of the stars. What makes the time of
men, is the density of the real events or of the eventual events which may have occurred.
And what makes the density of the human time as regarded at the juridical level, is the
density, the multitude of the juridical acts that have occurred or that could have occurred".]
7.
Not only to establish the aquiescence of the State and its legal effects, as Reuter
intended in that case.
8.
As expressly pointed out in the travaux préparatoires of the Inter-American
Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons; cf. CIDH, Informe Anual de la Comisión
Interamericana de Derechos Humanos 1987-1988, p. 365.