7
32.
Under this order, the State is required to take all the measures necessary to
ensure that the full amount ordered for the minor Macaela Suárez Ramadán is
deposited in said trust fund and that the amount shall not be subject to taxes of any
kind at the time the trust is set up or to any withholding tax. In this regard, the
Court has already stated that
The Court interprets the expression under the most favorable conditions as referring to
the fact that any act or measure by the trustee must ensure that the amount assigned
maintains its purchasing power and generates sufficient earnings or dividends to
increase it; the phrase permitted by […] banking practice indicates that the trustee must
faithfully perform his task as would a good head of family and that he has the power and
the obligation to select diverse types of investment, whether through deposits in strong
currencies, such as the United States dollars or others, the purchase of mortgage bonds,
real estate, guaranteed securities or any other investment recommended by […] banking
practice, precisely as ordered by the Court (Velásquez Rodríguez Case, Interpretation of
the Compensatory Damages Judgment of August 17, 1990 (Art. 67 American Convention
on Human Rights). Series C No.9, paragraph 31).
As for the proceeds from the trust fund, the State is duty-bound to take the
necessary measures to protect the minor’s interests against inflation, insolvency,
negligence or the incompetence of the trustee.
VI
ON PAYMENT OF COSTS AND EXPENSES
33.
As previously stated (supra 19), the Court will also interpret operative
paragraph three of the judgment on reparations, in light of operative paragraph four
thereof, wherein exemption from payment of taxes on costs and expenses is ordered.
34.
The State’s contention was that “the amount fixed for the claimant’s
attorneys, Dr. Alejandro Ponce Villacís and Dr. Richard Wilson, is taxable” and made
the following arguments to support its case:
a)
b)
c)
d)
The amounts for the professionals who represent the claimants are for the
practice of their profession.
By ordering that the payments shall be exempt from any existing or future tax
or surcharge, the Court is establishing an exemption; under the domestic legal
system, exemptions may only be established by law and not by some foreign
judgment.
A principle of tax law reflected in Article 3 of the Ecuadorian Tax Code gives
the State sole authority to establish, modify or extinguish taxes: no law, no
tax.
The sums for the attorneys’ fees cannot nor should they be taxed merely
because they represented the claimants; on the other hand, they cannot be
exempt from the general taxes that other professionals in Ecuador must always
pay.
35.
For its part, the Commission argued that since the payment of fees was an
element of the reparations, it should be accorded the same tax treatment that the
payment of compensatory damages receives and that any tax upon them should be
covered by the State.
36.
Mr. Suárez Rosero’s argument was that the State was mistaken; that what the
Court had ordered was payment of costs and expenses, not fees. He further argued