10
34)
The Inter-American Commission contended that the State should be estopped
from raising issues of admissibility in the instant case because, during the
proceedings before the Inter-American Commission, Trinidad and Tobago “waived its
right to challenge the admissibility of the petition based upon the exhaustion of
domestic remedies rule and submitted its observations on the merits of the case”. It
alleged that the circumstances in which the Commission determined a violation of
Article 4(1) conformed to the Convention and the Commission’s Statute and Rules of
Procedure.
35)
When the petitioners presented their complaint before the Commission, they
did not state a specific violation of Article 4(1).
However, in the “second
supplementary petition” of September 28, 1998, the petitioners alleged a violation of
Article 4(2) of the Convention with respect to Mr. Hilaire. It was the Commission,
through its Article 50 Report, that determined that the State had violated Article 4(1)
of the Convention, based on the petitioner’s original complaint, and for this reason
the violation should be considered by the Court.
36)
The Commission considered that the six-month period stipulated in Article
46(1)(b) of the Convention is not applicable to the breach of Article 4(1) because the
domestic legislation of the State does not provide due process for the protection of
rights that have been violated. This is the case because Article 46(2)(a) of the
Convention establishes that the provisions of paragraphs 1(a) and 1(b) of the above
mentioned article shall not be applicable when “the domestic legislation of the State
concerned does not afford due process of law for the protection of the right or rights
that have allegedly been violated.”
37)
In the instant case, the Commission determined a violation of Article 4(1) of
the Convention based on the fact that Mr. Hilaire was sentenced to a “mandatory
death penalty”. Article 6 of the Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago 4 hinders
individuals from challenging laws that were part of the domestic legislation of
Trinidad and Tobago before the Constitution entered into force. The “mandatory
death penalty” for the crime of murder was part of the law of Trinidad and Tobago
before the Constitution went into effect and for this reason is not open to challenge
before the courts.
4
Article 6 of the Constitution of Trinidad y Tobago indicates:
Exceptions for Existing Law
(1) Nothing in sections 4 and 5 shall invalidate(a) an existing law;
(b) an enactment that repeals and re-enacts an existing law without alteration;
or
(c) an enactment that alters an existing law but does not derogate from any
fundamental right guaranteed by this Chapter in a manner in which or to an
extent to which the existing law did not previously derogate from that right.
(2) Where an enactment repeals and re-enacts with modifications an existing law and is
held to derogate from any fundamental right guaranteed by this Chapter in a manner in
which or to an extent to which the existing law did not previously derogate from that
right then, subject to sections 13 and 54, the provisions of the existing law shall be
substituted for such of the provisions of the enactment as are held to derogate from the
fundamental right in a manner in which or to an extent to which the existing law did not
previously derogate from that right.
(3) In this section"alters" in relation to an existing law, includes repealing that law and re-enacting it with
modifications or making different provisions in place of it or modifying it;
"existing law" means a law that had effect as part of the law of Trinidad and Tobago
immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, and includes any enactment
referred to in subsection (1);
"right" includes freedom.