129
531. The Commission asked that the Court order the State to organize training
programs for public officials in all branches of the administration of justice and the
police, as well as comprehensive prevention policies. Furthermore, it asked that the
Tribunal order the implementation of public policies and institutional programs to
overcome existing stereotypes of the role of women among the society of Ciudad
Juárez and to promote the elimination of discriminatory socio-cultural patterns that
prevent women from obtaining full access to justice.
532. The representatives recognized that, although the State has made significant
efforts with regard to training public officials, especially those whose work has a direct
impact on the cases of disappearances and murders of women, these efforts have not
been entirely satisfactory, because they did not include a cross-cutting gender
perspective and did not incorporate a gender perspective in every activity implemented
by the State’s authorities. They added that, although they had received training, the
officials who appeared at the hearing “do not understand the implications of the
Conventions […] as regards the rights” of the victims.
533. The State indicated that “it is aware that some of the irregularities committed at
the onset of the investigations into the murders of Claudia Ivette González, Esmeralda
Herrera Monreal and Laura Berenice Ramos Monárrez were due to the lack of training
of the public officials involved.” However, the State alleged that, starting in October
2004, the Office of the Attorney General for the state of Chihuahua, in coordination
with local institutions and universities, had designed a specialized training program on
investigation techniques and procedures, and the professionalization of expert
services, in which it invested more than 14 million pesos. No proof of the investment of
this capital sum has been provided to the Court. The program includes “master’s
programs with the collaboration of Spanish universities and the National Human Rights
Commission.”509 In 2005, more than 122 training programs were provided through the
Center for Criminal and Forensic Studies, representing an investment of more than 12
million pesos.510 The Tribunal observes that this investment has not been
authenticated.
534. On the issue of training, since 2006, the Organic Law of the Judiciary of the
state of Chihuahua has accorded special importance to training officials of the
Chihuahua state Judiciary in human rights and gender equality.511
535. The State affirmed that it has provided training with a gender perspective for
public officials of the states of the Mexican Republic, including the state of Chihuahua,
through training courses for multipliers under the Gender Equity Subprogram.512 It also
509
The State attached various contracts signed from 2005 to 2008 with national and international
institutions, such as the UNAM, the Instituto de Mediación de Mexico, S.C., the Universidad Autónoma de
Chihuahua, the Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, the Universidad de Barcelona, the Universidad de
Gerona, the IMCAA, S.A. de C.V., and the Latin American Forum for Urban Security and Democracy, A.C., in
collaboration with local institutions such as the Office of the Attorney General for the state of Chihuahua and
the State Human Rights Commission, as well as federal institutions, such as the National Human Rights
Commission (case file of attachments to the final written arguments of the State, volume L, folios 17565
17833).
510
The State exhibited a list of courses offered over the period of 2005 to 2009, with the name of each
course, the place and date it was held, and the names of those who were trained (Cf. Office of the Attorney
General for the state of Chihuahua, Center for Criminal and Forensic Studies, Cursos impartidos durante
2005-2009, case file of attachments to the final written arguments of the State, volume XLIX, folios 17537
to 17564).
511
Cf. Articles 135 and 145-k of the Organic Law of the Judiciary of the state of Chihuahua, supra note
460, folios 14220 and 14226.
512
The Court observes that the case file contains a supporting document for a national training course
for multipliers, under the Subprogram on Equity and Application of the Gender Equity Manual; on “Prevention
of Domestic Violence,” for authorities of the state of Chihuahua Public Security Secretariat, and on “Women’s
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