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massive summary executions, save in very specific cases, such as the “Chaman” one,
which was an episode in which the Army entered a village of returnees and killed
every person there.
As of 1994, in the cases of summary executions, it was found that members of the
Army were involved. In 1995, the right to life continued to be the right that was
abridged most often in Guatemala, and summary executions continued, but at that
time they began to take on another nuance, which was that summary executions
began to occur against other groups, such as street children. Summary executions
tended to get rid of those who due to their activities might compromise a system that
should not be questioned.
Myrna Mack Chang was working in a politically sensitive ambit. The way she was
executed, with 27 knife wounds, showed that it was not a traditional homicide. The
four reports that the expert witness submitted to the United Nations Human Rights
Committee showed that a broad sector of those in power in Guatemala considered
the issue of refugees to be synonymous with membership in the guerrilla forces.
Myrna Mack Chang was working on the issue of the refugees and internally displaced
population, for which reason she became a threat, like all those who had somehow
questioned the existing system. Basically, the members of the “Comunidades de
Población en Resistencia” (CPR) were considered terrorists or subversives, and all
those who helped them in any way were immediately harassed.
At the time in which the first report was drafted, all the circumstances pointed to the
conclusion that Myrna Mack Chang’s death could not be due to a simple homicide,
nor to a matter of passion, but rather to a policy that with premeditation decided to
eliminate her.
When she visited Guatemala the first time, there was a judgment of first instance,
with a 30-year prison sentence against an Army specialist, Beteta, who was the
direct perpetrator of the murder of Myrna Mack Chang. It is obvious that she was
murdered due to the direction of her work and the issues that she was studying.
Helen Mack Chang was the private accuser and she requested legal action against
those whom it was thought were prima facie the accessories of the murder. This was
turned down and in 1993 it was appealed, with a favorable decision in 1994, for
which reason legal action began against five persons: three military and two
policemen. In 1995 there was no progress in the case, and in 1996 the only
emblematic case in Guatemala that had a final judgment with respect to the direct
perpetrator was that of Myrna Mack Chang.
The file contains a routine of merely procedural steps or matters that augment the
size of the file, but all these procedures are irrelevant regarding the merits, to
elucidate the truth.
The issue of administration of justice was a recurring theme in the four reports that
she submitted to the Committee. It was a complex problem, because things did not
function effectively. Justice at the time was terribly slow, much discredited in the
eyes of the population, and it did not issue effective rulings or ones that put an end
to a situation in which the crimes were not punished. Actions by the judiciary, in the
context in which she was entrusted with verifying the human rights situation in
Guatemala, were not breaking the circle of impunity.
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