43.
The invocation of exceptions to the rule of exhaustion of
domestic remedies provided for in Article 46.2 of the Convention is
closely linked to the determination of possible violations of rights
enshrined therein, such as ensuring access to justice. However, the
Article 46.2, by its nature and object, is a rule with independent content
vis-à-vis the substantive provisions of the Convention. Therefore,
whether the exceptions to the rule of exhaustion of domestic remedies
are applicable to the case in question should be determined prior and
separate from the analysis of the merits, since it depends on a different
standard of assessment than the one used to determine the possible
violation of Articles 8 and 25 of the Convention. It should be noted that
the causes and effects that prevented the exhaustion of domestic
remedies will be analyzed in the report that the Commission issues on
the merits of the case, to verify if these are violations of the American
Convention.
2.
Timeliness
44.
The American Convention provides that for a petition to be
admissible, it must be filed within six months from the date when the
alleged injured party was notified of the final decision by domestic
courts. Similarly, Article 32 of the Rules of the Commission states that in
cases in which exceptions may apply to the prior exhaustion of domestic
remedies provision, the petition must be filed within a reasonable time,
at the discretion of the Commission.
45.
As noted above, the State contends that the determination
of the judge to hear the facts of the petition depends on the invocation
of the so-called "conflict of competences”. It remarks that the
petitioners invoked this recourse on April 18, 2005 in the ordinary courts
and it was resolved unfavorably on May 3, 2005 by the Second
Specialized Criminal Court of the Circuit. The State argues that this
exhausted the remedies available in domestic jurisdiction in relation to
this aspect of the claim of the petitioners and that therefore the petition
filed in February 2006 exceeded the period of six months provided for in
the Convention. Meanwhile, the petitioners argue that in view of the
application of exceptions to the exhaustion of domestic remedies, in
order to determine the reasonableness of the period for filing the
petition, it must be taken into consideration that it was filed when the
case was pending before Military Criminal Justice; that the partie civile
has requested by all means17 a change of jurisdiction, without success;
17 The partie civile appealed the cessation of process in favor of the ones indicted
before the Second Prosecutor’s Office of the Superior Military Tribunal. On April 18,
2005 the partie civile requested a change of jurisdiction to the Specialized Criminal