GARCÍA RODRÍGUEZ ET AL. V. MEXICO Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE AND CAUSE OF THE ACTION .................................................. 4 II. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT..................................................................................... 5 III. JURISDICTION .................................................................................................................. 8 IV. PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS ............................................................................................... 8 A. Preliminary objection regarding international res judicata .......................................................... 8 A.1. Arguments of the parties and the Commission ........................................................................ 8 A.2. Considerations of the Court .................................................................................................. 8 B. Failure to exhaust domestic remedies...................................................................................... 9 B.1. Arguments of the parties and the Commission ........................................................................ 9 B.2. Considerations of the Court ................................................................................................ 10 V. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................................... 11 A. Arguments of the State on the admissibility of the violations against honor and dignity (Article 11 of the American Convention) ........................................................................................................... 11 A.1. Arguments of the parties and the Commission ...................................................................... 11 A.2. Considerations of the Court ................................................................................................ 12 B. Determination of possible victims ......................................................................................... 12 B.1. Arguments of the parties and the Commission ...................................................................... 12 B.2. Considerations of the Court ................................................................................................ 12 C. New facts related to the political context ............................................................................... 13 C.1. Arguments of the parties and the Commission ...................................................................... 13 C.2. Considerations of the Court ................................................................................................ 14 VI. EVIDENCE ......................................................................................................................... 14 VII. FACTS ............................................................................................................................. 15 A. Relevant regulatory framework............................................................................................. 15 A.1. The concept of arraigo ....................................................................................................... 16 A.2. The concept of preventive detention .................................................................................... 16 A.3. Rules related to the arrest of a person ................................................................................. 18 B. Regarding Daniel García Rodríguez and Reyes Alpízar Ortiz ...................................................... 19 C. Arrest, arraigo and order of imprisonment against Daniel García Rodríguez ................................ 19 D. Arrest, arraigo and order of imprisonment against Reyes Alpízar Ortiz ....................................... 21 E. Criminal proceedings and pretrial detention of Daniel García Rodríguez and Reyes Alpízar Ortiz .... 22 F. Complaints regarding acts of torture allegedly suffered by Reyes Alpízar Ortiz and Daniel García Rodríguez ................................................................................................................................. 25 F.1. Regarding the acts of torture allegedly suffered by Reyes Alpízar Ortiz and Daniel García Rodríguez .............................................................................................................................. 25 F.2. Regarding the acts of torture allegedly suffered by Reyes Alpízar Ortiz.................................... 30 VIII. MERITS.......................................................................................................................... 31 VIII.1. RIGHTS TO PERSONAL LIBERTY AND TO THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT RIGHTS AND THE OBLIGATION TO ADOPT PROVISIONS OF DOMESTIC LAW ............................................................................................ 32 A. Arguments of the parties and the Commission ........................................................................ 32 A.1. The right not to be unlawfully deprived of liberty and the right to be informed of the reasons for the detention. ......................................................................................................................... 32 A.2. The right to be brought promptly before a judge ................................................................... 32 A.3. Application of the measure of arraigo and the subsequent pretrial detention .............................. 33 -2-