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Pablo Saavedra Alessandri Secretary Judges Leonardo A. Franco, Margarette May Macaulay, Rhadys Abreu Blondet and Alberto Pérez Pérez adhered to this Opinion of Judge Diego García-Sayán. Leonardo A. Franco Judge Margarette May Macaulay Judge Rhadys Abreu Blondet Judge Alberto Pérez Pérez Judge Pablo Saavedra Alessandri Secretary 9

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I INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE AND PURPOSE OF THE APPLICATION4
II PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT5
III ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THE FACTS INCLUDED IN THE REPORT ON MERITS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION8
IV COMPETENCE12
V EVIDENCE13
A) Documentary, testimonial and expert evidence13
B) Admission of evidence13
VI PRIOR CONSIDERATIONS2
A. Determination of the presumed victims2
B. Human rights violations allegedby the representatives19
VII RIGHTS TO LIFE, TO PERSONAL INTEGRITY, TO PERSONAL LIBERTY, TO PRIVACY, TO MEASURES OF PROTECTION FOR CHILDREN, TO PROPERTY, AND TO FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND RESIDENCE,IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT AND ENSURE RIGHTS20
A. The facts of the case21
1) The armed conflict in El Salvador21
2) The scorched-earth operations and the creation of the Rapid Deployment Infantry Battalions22
3) The massacres of El Mozote and nearby places24
a) Background2
b) “Operación Rescate” or “Yunque y Martillo” carried out by the “Atlacatl”Rapid Deployment Infantry Battalion27
c) The massacre in the villageof El Mozote28
d) Massacre in the canton of La Joya 32
e) The massacre in the village of Ranchería35
f) The massacre in the village of Los Toriles36
g) The massacre in the village of Jocote Amarillo36
h) The massacre in Cerro Pandocanton and in a cave on Cerro Ortiz37
4) The internal and international displacements38
B. Arguments of the Commission and allegations of the parties40
C. Considerations of the Court 43
1) The human rights violations alleged to the detriment of the persons executed 44
2) The alleged human rights violations to the detriment of the survivors53
3) The alleged human rights violations to the detriment of the next of kin of those executed63
4) Conclusion65
VIII RIGHTS TO JUDICIAL GUARANTEES, TO JUDICIAL PROTECTION AND TO FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION, IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT AND GUARANTEE RIGHTS AND THE RESPONSIBILITY TO ADOPT PROVISIONS OF DOMESTIC LAW AND ARTICLES 1, 6 AND 8 OF THE INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION TO PREVENT AND PUNISH TORTURE AND 7(B) OF THE CONVENTION OF BELÉM DO PARÁ66
A.The investigation of the facts of this case67
1) Opening of the investigations and measures taken67
2)The exhumations performed with the support of foreign experts75
B. The obligation to investigate the facts of this case79
C. Obligation to open an investigation ex officio82
D. Lack of due diligence in the criminal investigation3
E. The Law of General Amnesty for the Consolidation of Peace and its application to this case3
1) The facts relating to the peace process and the Law of General Amnesty for the Consolidation of Peace 87
a) The internal armed conflict and the peace negotiation process 87
b) The National Reconciliation Law and the Law of General Amnesty for the Consolidation of Peace 89
c) The decision of the Second First Instance Court of SanFrancisco Gotera to dismiss the proceedings90
d) Decisions of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice 91
e) Requests to re-open the proceedings91
2) Arguments of the Commission and of the parties92
3) Considerations of the Court 93
F. Right to know the truth98
G. Conclusion99
IX REPARATIONS (Application of Article 63(1) of the American Convention)100
A. Injured party101
B. Obligation to investigate the facts that gave rise to the violations and to identify, prosecute and punish, as appropriate, those responsible, and also to locate, identify and, return to their next of kin the remains of the victims of the massacres102
C. Measures of restitution, rehabilitationand satisfaction,and guarantees of non-repetition108
D. Compensation117
E. Costs and expenses 118
F. Reimbursement of the disbursements from the Victims’ Legal Assistance Fund120
G. Method of compliance with the payments ordered121
X OPERATIVE PARAGRAPHS3
CONCURRING OPINION OF JUDGE DIEGO GARCIA-SAYÁN. Judges Leonardo A. Franco, MargaretteMay Macaulay, Rhadys Abreu Blondet and Alberto Pérez Pérez adhered to this Opinion of Judge Diego García-Sayán126
CONCURRING OPINION OF JUDGE EDUARDO VIO GROSSI135
ANNEX “A” List of victims who were executed136
ANNEX “B” List of the surviving victims146
ANNEX “C” List of next of kin of the victims who were executed 147
ANNEX “D” List of forcibly displaced victims150
ANNEX “E” List of person regarding whom there are indications about their condition as possible victim, but who do not appear on any list of presumed victims151

Masacres de El Mozote. Judgment. October 25, 2012

IACourt judgment

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Type

Costs
Merits
Reparations

Date: Oct 25, 2012

Mechanism

Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

Number: C-252

Country

El Salvador

Signatories

Alberto Pérez Pérez
Diego García-Sayán
Eduardo Vio Grossi
Leonardo A. Franco
Manuel E. Ventura Robles
Margarette May Macaulay
Rhadys Abreu Blondet

Separate vote

Diego García-Sayán
Eduardo Vio Grossi

Primary Documents

Massacres El Mozote. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of October 25, 2012.pdf
English
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Massacres de El Mozote. Mérito, Reparações e Custas. Sentença de 25 de outubro de 2012.pdf
Portuguese
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Masacres de El Mozote.Fondo, Reparaciones y Costas. Sentencia de 25 de octubre de 2012.pdf
Spanish
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Supporting files

Masacres de El Mozote.Fondo, Reparaciones y Costas. Sentencia de 25 de octubre de 2012.doc11.4 MB

Massacres de El Mozote. Mérito, Reparações e Custas. Sentença de 25 de outubro de 2012.doc1.57 MB

Massacres El Mozote. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of October 25, 2012.doc10.98 MB

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