members of the immediate family of Marino López to come forward with the necessary information and advising them of the procedure they should follow in this regard. B. Obligation to investigate B.1. Arguments of the Commission and of the parties 436. The Commission asked the Court to order the State to conduct the investigations, in a complete, impartial and effective manner, into the events that led to the forced displacement of the Afro-descendant communities of the Cacarica associated in CAVIDA and of the women heads of household who live in Turbo, as well as into the torture and murder of Marino López.689 437. The representatives agreed with the Commission and also asked the Court to order the State to create a special unit within the Prosecutor General’s Office to conduct the comprehensive investigation of the human rights violations analyzed herein, as well as of the connections between paramilitaries, State agents,690 and companies that exploited the territory that the members of the communities of the Cacarica river basin were forced to abandon. 691 They indicated that different State agencies should take part in this investigation and it should not be cut short by the application of mechanisms such as amnesty laws, the statute of limitations, or plea bargaining. Lastly, they asked for measures of protection for the victims who take part in these investigations and that the State guarantee that extradited paramilitary leaders provide any information they have on this case. 438. The State did not present specific arguments on these requests by the Commission and the representatives. B.2. Considerations of the Court 439. In this Judgment, the Court has declared, as partially acknowledged by the State during the processing of the case (supra para. 17), the violation of the right to judicial guarantees and judicial protection because the State failed to comply with its obligation to investigate and prosecute and punish, as appropriate, within a reasonable time, all those responsible for the facts of this case (supra paras. 397 and 398). 440. Consequently, as ordered in other cases,692 the State must use all necessary means to continue the investigations that are open effectively and with the greatest possible diligence, and also open any that are necessary in order to individualize, prosecute and eventually punish all those responsible for the facts of this case, and remove any obstacles de facto and de jure that could maintain impunity. 689 The Commission requested explicitly that these investigations be carried out from the perspective of the group affected and taking into consideration the type of discrimination they suffer. It also asked that those found to have masterminded and perpetrated the facts as a result of these investigations be punished. 690 The representatives reiterated the importance of investigating not only the State officials who took part directly in the hostilities, but also those who permitted the economic exploitation of the territory of the Cacarica river valley by private companies. 691 The representatives indicated that this should be done taking into account the context and the patterns of conduct, because the crimes were committed within the framework of a systematic and generalized attack. 692 248. Cf. Case of Manuel Cepeda Vargas v. Colombia, para. 216, and Case of Uzcátegui et al. v. Venezuela, para. 137