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326 Alexis Valencia Largache 327 Maria Ernestina Valencia Terán 328 María Clementina Valencia Terán 329 Maryelis Valencia Terán 330 Walter Valencia Largacha 331 Yerlin Valencia Terán 332 Duber Arley Velásquez Páez 333 Marco Fidel Velásquez Ulloa 334 Luis Mariano Velázquez Valencia 335 Bernardo Vivas Mosquera 336 Edwin José Vivas Londoño 337 Ana Fadit Waldo Mosquera 338 Leidys Vanesa Waldo 339 Jovita Del Carmen Yanez G. 340 Nilson Zalazar Quinto 341 Yajaira Zalazar Córdoba 164

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I.INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE AND PURPOSE OF THE DISPUTE2
II PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT6
III COMPETENCE8
IV PARTIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF INTERNATIONALRESPONSIBILITY8
A.Declaration by the State andobservationsof the Commissionandof therepresentatives8
B.Considerations ofthe Court9
V PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS10
A.Arguments of the parties andof the Commission10
B.Considerations ofthe Court12
VI PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS ONTHE PRESUMED VICTIMS13
VII.EVIDENCE2
A.Documentary, testimonial and expert evidence16
B.Admission of the documentaryevidence16
B.1.Documentary evidence submitted after the motions and arguments brief andthe answering brief17
B.2.Documentation handed over during the public hearing by two deponents andtransfer of expert opinions from other cases submitted to the Court’s consideration20
B.3.Documentation requested in the order convening the public hearing, during this hearing, and subsequently21
B.4. Criteria for assessingthe evidence relating to testimonies or“voluntary confessions”received in the context of domestic judicial proceedings25
C.Admission of the statementsof the presumed victims, the expertwitnesses, a deponent for information purposes,and a witness27
VIII FACTS28
A.Context28
A.1. Geographical location2
A.2. Demographics29
A.3. Public order situation and acts of violence against the Cacarica communities31
B.Background toOperations “Genesis”and “Cacarica”35
C.“Operation Genesis”and “Operation Cacarica”37
D.The death ofMarino López42
E.The facts relating to the allegedforced displacement44
E.1. The alleged forceddisplacement44
E.2. The displacement sites and conditions2
F.Events following the displacement50
G.The return of those displacedand the continuation of the acts of violence against those displaced from Cacarica50
H.Dispossession and illegal logging on the collective territory54
I.The jurisdictional proceedings58
I.1. Ordinary criminal jurisdiction58
I.2. Investigations under the special Justice and Peace procedure67
I.3. Investigation in the disciplinary jurisdiction68
I.4. Judicial actions filed based on theforced displacement70
IX MERITS2
IX.1“OPERATION GENESIS” AND THE PARAMILITARY INCURSIONS(“OPERATION CACARICA”) AS CAUSES OF THE FORCED DISPLACEMENT OF THE COMMUNITIESOF THE CACARICA RIVER BASINAND THE DEATHOF MARINOLÓPEZ(Articles4, 5 and 22of the Convention)72
A.Arguments of the Commission and of the parties72
B.Considerations ofthe Court76
B.1. Alleged violation of the right to life, personal integrity, and not to be forcibly displaced ofmembers of the Cacarica communitiesowing to bombings duringOperation Genesis79
B.2. Alleged responsibility of the State in the paramilitary incursions inthe Cacarica river basinand, consequently, in the incursion that resulted in an alleged violation of the rights to life and to personal integrity ofMarino López, which had presumably led to theforced displacementof membersof the Cacarica communities, in alleged violation of the rights to personal integrity and not to be displaced85
IX.2.CONDITIONS OF DISPLACEMENT AND RETURNOF MEMBERSOF THE CACARICA COMMUNITIESFOLLOWING THE EVENTSOF FEBRUARY 1997(Articles5(1), 22, 17, 19, 1(1) and2of the Convention)100
A.Arguments of the Commission and of the parties100
B.Considerations ofthe Court106
B.1. Rights not to be displaced and topersonal integrity107
B.2. Right to protection of the family108
B.3. Rights of children and adolescents109
B.4. Other alleged violations110
IX.3.DISPOSSESSION AND EXPLOITATION OF THE TERRITORIESOF THE AFRO-DESCENDANTCOMMUNITIES OF THECACARICA (Artículo21of the Convention)3
A.Arguments of the Commission and of the parties112
B.Considerations ofthe Court113
B.1. The harm to the individual and collective property of the communities ofthe Cacarica River basin113
B.2. The illegal exploitation of the territoriesof the Community Council of the Communities of the Cacarica River basin3
IX.4CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS AND OTHER PROCEDURES (Articles8 and 25of the Convention)117
A.Arguments of the Commission and of the parties117
B.Considerations ofthe Court119
B.1. Considerations on due diligence and logical lines of investigation3
B.2. Considerations on the reasonable time127
B.3. Considerations on the applications for amparo concerning collective ownership128
X REPARATIONS (Application ofArticle63(1) of the American Convention)130
A.Injured party131
A.1. Arguments of the Commission and of the parties131
A.2. Considerations ofthe Court133
B.Obligation to investigate137
B.1. Arguments of the Commission and of the parties137
B.2. Considerations ofthe Court137
C.Measures of satisfaction, rehabilitation and restitution138
C.1. Measures of satisfaction138
C.2. Measures of rehabilitation140
C.3. Measures of restitution141
D.Compensation143
D.1. Arguments of the Commission and of the parties143
D.2. Considerations ofthe Court146
E.Costs and expenses148
F.Method of complyingwith the payments ordered149
X OPERATIVE PARAGRAPHS149

Comunidades afro. desplazadas de la Cuenca del Río Cacarica (Operación Génesis). Judgment. November 20, 2013

IACourt judgment

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Type

Costs
Merits
Preliminary Objections
Reparations

Date: Nov 20, 2013

Mechanism

Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

Number: C-270

Country

Colombia

Signatories

Alberto Pérez Pérez
Diego García-Sayán
Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor Poisot
Eduardo Vio Grossi
Manuel E. Ventura Robles
Roberto de Figueiredo Caldas

Primary Documents

Afrodescendent communities displaced from Rio Cacarica´s Basin (Operation Genesis). Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgement. November 20, 2013.pdf
English
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Comunidades Afrodescendientes Desplazadas de la Cuenca del Río Cacarica (Operación Génesis). Excepciones Preliminares, Fondo, Reparaciones y Costas. Sentencia de 20 de Noviembre de 2013.pdf
Spanish
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Supporting files

Afrodescendent communities displaced from Rio Cacarica´s Basin (Operation Genesis). Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgement. November 20, 2013.doc1.97 MB

Comunidades Afrodescendientes Desplazadas de la Cuenca del Río Cacarica (Operación Génesis). Excepciones Preliminares, Fondo, Reparaciones y Costas. Sentencia de 20 de Noviembre de 2013.doc1.86 MB

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Signatories5
- Judge and/or Commissioners5
Mecanismo1
- Mechanism1
País1
- Country1
IACourt Documents7
- Case1
- Order of the IACourt3
- Order of the President IACHR1
- Hearing2

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